發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-12-27 11:11

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國糧食生產(chǎn)中化肥過量施用評(píng)價(jià)及影響因素研究　出處：《農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化研究》2016年04期 　論文類型：期刊論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 化肥 過量施用 利潤最大化 影響因素 糧食作物

【摘要】：通過大量施用化肥獲得高產(chǎn)是當(dāng)前中國糧食生產(chǎn)中比較普遍的現(xiàn)象�；�2004-2013年省級(jí)農(nóng)成品成本收益面板數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)我國三種主要糧食作物生產(chǎn)中的化肥過量施用程度進(jìn)行測算,并實(shí)證分析造成化肥施用過量的原因。結(jié)果表明,目前中國糧食生產(chǎn)中的化肥施用量已經(jīng)超過了其經(jīng)濟(jì)意義上的最優(yōu)施用量,無論是小麥、水稻還是玉米均存在過量施肥的現(xiàn)象;玉米生產(chǎn)中的過量施肥程度平均達(dá)到50.74%;小麥和水稻生產(chǎn)中的過量施肥程度相對(duì)較輕,分別為27.26%和24.67%。農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力非農(nóng)轉(zhuǎn)移、自然災(zāi)害和上一年糧食價(jià)格對(duì)農(nóng)戶化肥過量施用具有顯著正向影響,當(dāng)前"咨詢與經(jīng)營相結(jié)合"的農(nóng)技推廣體系也在一定程度上導(dǎo)致了農(nóng)戶對(duì)化肥的過量施用;而適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大糧食種植規(guī)模則有助于緩解化肥過量施用。為促進(jìn)化肥減量施用,除應(yīng)用技術(shù)上的手段外,還應(yīng)當(dāng)重視社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的調(diào)控作用。例如,對(duì)當(dāng)前大規(guī)模的農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力非農(nóng)轉(zhuǎn)移進(jìn)行適當(dāng)干預(yù);推進(jìn)基層農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣機(jī)構(gòu)改革,改變目前"咨詢與經(jīng)營相結(jié)合"的農(nóng)技推廣體系;發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn),提高農(nóng)戶的自然風(fēng)險(xiǎn)抵抗能力等。
[Abstract]:It is a common phenomenon in China's grain production to obtain high yield by applying a large amount of chemical fertilizer. Based on the provincial panel data of agricultural products cost and output in 2004-2013 years, we calculated the degree of excessive fertilizer application in three main grain crops production in China, and empirically analyzed the reasons for excessive chemical fertilizer application. The results show that the application of fertilizer China in grain production has exceeded the optimal economic significance on fertilizer, both wheat and rice or corn exists the phenomenon of excessive fertilization; excessive fertilization degree of corn production in an average of 50.74% degrees; excessive fertilization of wheat and rice in the production of relatively light, respectively. 27.26% and 24.67%. Non-agricultural transfer, agricultural labor and natural disasters last year food prices on Farmers' overuse of chemical fertilizer has significant positive effects, the current agricultural technology consulting and business combination "to promote the system to a certain extent, the farmers' excessive application of fertilizer; and appropriate to expand the scale of planting grain would help to alleviate the excessive application of chemical fertilizer. In order to promote the application of chemical fertilizer reduction, in addition to the means of application technology, we should pay attention to the role of social and economic regulation and control. For example, we should appropriately intervene in the current large-scale agricultural labor force's non-agricultural transfer, promote the reform of grassroots Agricultural Technology Extension institutions, change the current agricultural technology extension system combining consultation and operation, develop agricultural insurance, and improve farmers' natural risk resistance ability.
【作者單位】： 中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(71273262) 糧食公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)(201513004-2)~~
【分類號(hào)】：S143
【正文快照】： 通過大量施用化肥獲得高產(chǎn)是當(dāng)前中國糧食生產(chǎn)中比較普遍的現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局公布的數(shù)據(jù),自上世紀(jì)80年代化肥廣泛使用以來,我國農(nóng)用化肥施用量(折純,下同)已經(jīng)由1980年的1 269.4萬t增加到2013年的5 911.9萬t,占世界總用量的35%;每公頃耕地化肥施用量由1980年的127.8 kg增加

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本文編號(hào)：1341461