【摘要】：在選礦作業(yè)中,磨礦分級作業(yè)過程機(jī)理復(fù)雜,影響因素多,礦石性質(zhì)變化頻繁,人工操作難以獲得最優(yōu)效果。磨礦作業(yè)控制的目標(biāo)是：在確保磨礦產(chǎn)品合格的前提下,最大限度地提高球磨機(jī)的處理量和減輕工人勞動強(qiáng)度,以穩(wěn)定后續(xù)選別指標(biāo)、降低單耗和提高勞動生產(chǎn)率。磨礦作業(yè)控制的技術(shù)關(guān)鍵是磨機(jī)負(fù)荷量的檢測與控制,現(xiàn)有的檢測手段并不能精確地獲得磨機(jī)負(fù)荷量的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),難以充分發(fā)揮磨礦作業(yè)的效率。在實際生產(chǎn)過程中,工人往往通過操作經(jīng)驗來獲得較好的生產(chǎn)效果,將豐富的人工經(jīng)驗與先進(jìn)的控制技術(shù)結(jié)合起來,研究開發(fā)先進(jìn)的磨礦分級智能化控制系統(tǒng),對于提高磨礦分級作業(yè)的自動化、信息化管理水平和提高運(yùn)行效率具有重要的作用。國內(nèi)磨礦分級自動控制水平與世界先進(jìn)水平有一定差距,國內(nèi)磨礦分級的控制作業(yè)基本都是單回路控制,而世界領(lǐng)先自動化系統(tǒng)已對全廠進(jìn)行綜合控制和管理。磨礦分級控制未來的發(fā)展將是智能控制。本論文首先對現(xiàn)有的磨機(jī)負(fù)荷量檢測方法進(jìn)行了分析和對比,總結(jié)了現(xiàn)有的濕式磨礦分級過程控制的技術(shù)和方法。對球磨機(jī)運(yùn)行特性作了深入研究,提出影響磨礦效率的可控主要因素是給礦量、給水量、介質(zhì)充填率、料球比。以云南綠春鑫泰礦業(yè)有限公司選礦廠磨礦分級作業(yè)為研究對象,通過檢測球磨機(jī)噪音來判斷磨機(jī)負(fù)荷的狀態(tài),再利用球磨機(jī)電機(jī)電流值判斷磨機(jī)負(fù)荷量的區(qū)間值,同時利用螺旋分級機(jī)電流來預(yù)測控制磨機(jī)負(fù)荷量的變化。利用最小二乘法建立電流值和磨機(jī)負(fù)荷量的數(shù)學(xué)模型,以精確判斷球磨機(jī)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。控制系統(tǒng)根據(jù)控制回路的復(fù)雜程度采用不同的控制算法,簡單的控制回路(如給礦、給水)采用PID控制,復(fù)雜的控制回路采用智能控制。通過數(shù)學(xué)模型計算給礦水流量和通過調(diào)節(jié)給礦補(bǔ)加水的量來控制磨礦濃度；通過PID串級控制方法來控制分級溢流濃度和細(xì)度。對復(fù)雜的磨礦分級過程進(jìn)行分步控制,將全流程分解成單獨(dú)的給礦回路、給水回路、負(fù)荷量控制回路,這些磨礦分級控制回路的給定值則由模糊控制器根據(jù)球磨機(jī)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)合理給出。本文從先進(jìn)性、實用性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性出發(fā),設(shè)計了分散控制集中管理的集散控制系統(tǒng),下位機(jī)負(fù)責(zé)控制,上位機(jī)負(fù)責(zé)管理。為了實現(xiàn)高性價比,控制系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵設(shè)備采用著名品牌的進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品,其它采用國產(chǎn)精品,設(shè)計了可靠性高、穩(wěn)定性好、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的集散控制系統(tǒng)。下位機(jī)采用西門子S7-300PLC,上位機(jī)采用工業(yè)計算機(jī),組態(tài)軟件采用Kingview6.55。控制系統(tǒng)具有優(yōu)越的控制功能和監(jiān)控功能,監(jiān)控界面豐富、顯示直觀、操作方便,并通過web發(fā)布進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。實現(xiàn)了磨礦分級生產(chǎn)過程的智能化控制,提高了磨礦分級的信息化管理水平。
[Abstract]:In the process of ore dressing, the mechanism of grinding and grading operation is complex, the influence factors are many, the properties of ore change frequently, and it is difficult to obtain the optimal effect by manual operation. The aim of grinding operation control is to increase the handling capacity of ball mill and reduce the labor intensity of workers on the premise of ensuring the qualification of grinding products, so as to stabilize the separation index, reduce unit consumption and increase labor productivity. The key technology of grinding operation control is the detection and control of mill load. The existing testing methods can not obtain the relevant data of mill load accurately, and it is difficult to give full play to the efficiency of grinding operation. In the actual production process, the workers often obtain better production effect through the operation experience, combine the abundant manual experience with the advanced control technology, study and develop the advanced grinding classification intelligent control system, It plays an important role in improving the automation of grinding classification, the level of information management and the efficiency of operation. There is a certain gap between the domestic automatic control level of grinding classification and the advanced level of the world. The control operation of domestic grinding classification is basically single loop control, while the world leading automation system has carried out comprehensive control and management of the whole plant. The future development of grinding classification control will be intelligent control. In this paper, the existing load measurement methods of grinding mill are analyzed and compared, and the existing technology and method of wet grinding classification process control are summarized. The operation characteristics of ball mill are studied in depth. It is suggested that the main controllable factors affecting grinding efficiency are ore feed quantity, water supply, medium filling rate and material / ball ratio. Taking grinding classification operation of Yunnan Luchun Xintai Mining Co., Ltd. As the research object, the state of mill load is judged by detecting the noise of ball mill, and the interval value of mill load is judged by the electric current value of ball mill. At the same time, the current of spiral classifier is used to predict the change of control mill load. The mathematical models of current value and mill load are established by using the least square method to accurately judge the running state of ball mill. According to the complexity of the control loop, the control system adopts different control algorithms. The simple control loop (such as mine feed, feed water) is controlled by PID, and the complex control loop adopts intelligent control. The grinding concentration is controlled by calculating the flow rate of ore water by mathematical model and by adjusting the amount of water added to the ore, and the concentration and fineness of the graded overflow are controlled by PID cascade control method. The complex grinding and grading process is controlled step by step, and the whole process is decomposed into a separate feed circuit, a feed water loop, a load control loop, The given values of these grinding-grading control circuits are given by fuzzy controller according to the operation state of ball mill. Based on the advanced nature, practicability and economy, this paper designs a distributed control system for centralized management of decentralized control, in which the lower computer is responsible for the control and the upper computer is responsible for the management. In order to achieve high performance-price ratio, the key equipment of the control system adopts famous imported products, and the others adopt domestic fine products. The distributed control system with high reliability, good stability and strong adaptability is designed. Siemens S7-300 PLC is used for lower computer, industrial computer is used for upper computer and Kingview6.55. is used for configuration software. The control system has superior control function and monitoring function, the monitoring interface is rich, the display is intuitive, the operation is convenient, and remote monitoring is carried out through web release. The intelligent control of grinding classification production process is realized, and the information management level of grinding classification is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD921.4;TD67

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