【摘要】：煤炭的開發(fā)和利用對(duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)起著巨大的推動(dòng)作用，同時(shí)也對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生了重大負(fù)面影響。中國積存達(dá)10億噸以上的煤矸石被視為一種數(shù)量最大的工業(yè)固體廢棄物，其資源化利用已成為人們研究的重點(diǎn)。 本文以河南大峪溝紅旗煤業(yè)集團(tuán)所產(chǎn)煤矸石（下文簡稱為大峪溝煤矸石礦）為實(shí)驗(yàn)原料，在充分取樣的前提下通過電感耦合等離子體發(fā)射光譜儀（ICP-AES）、高分辨率場(chǎng)發(fā)射掃描電子顯微鏡（SEM）及能譜分析儀（HR-FSEM+EDS）、X射線衍射儀（XRD）、差熱分析儀（DTA）和激光粒度分析儀等測(cè)試技術(shù)對(duì)大峪溝煤矸石礦以及所制備試樣進(jìn)行了全面表征和分析，進(jìn)而對(duì)大峪溝煤矸石礦的性能進(jìn)行綜合分析與評(píng)價(jià)。 大峪溝煤矸石礦經(jīng)揀選、破碎、篩分、除雜后，經(jīng)高溫?zé)芍苽淞酥刭|(zhì)莫來石均化料以及多孔輕質(zhì)莫來石原料，重點(diǎn)探討了球磨粒度、燒成溫度、保溫時(shí)間等工藝因素對(duì)煤矸石莫來石化的影響，并推廣應(yīng)用于重質(zhì)/輕質(zhì)莫來石原料的工業(yè)化合成，得到如下主要結(jié)論： 1．本實(shí)驗(yàn)所用大峪溝煤矸石礦屬于富鋁煤矸石，其熟料化學(xué)組成為Al2O3：67.33%和SiO2：22.05%。主晶相為一水鋁石（AlOOH）及少量葉蠟石與高嶺石，顯微形貌在掃描電鏡下呈鱗片狀集合體。 2．煤矸石原礦的燒結(jié)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明，在1250℃時(shí)有少量莫來石微晶生成，燒成試樣中莫來石相的含量隨著燒成溫度的升高而增大。煤矸石熱解活化研究表明，，試樣經(jīng)600℃保溫0.5h熱解后，一水鋁石全部脫去羥基水生成無定形的Al2O3變體，電子顯微鏡下煤矸石顆粒呈膨脹疏松狀態(tài)，此時(shí)輕燒粉體比表面積大，煤矸石粉體活性最優(yōu)。 3．以振動(dòng)球磨3h后煤矸石粉體（D50=6.4μm）為原料，經(jīng)1600℃保溫3h可制得壓塊燒成莫來石，其體積密度與顯氣孔率分別為2.81g·cm-3和6%。燒成試樣中所含物相為莫來石固溶體（Al4.56Si1.44O9.72）以及剛玉相（Al2O3），莫來石相對(duì)含量為74%。莫來石晶體長大完好且發(fā)育呈∥C軸、橫斷面為四邊形的柱狀，長度為5~14μm，晶體間互相交錯(cuò)，構(gòu)成聯(lián)鎖網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀結(jié)構(gòu)；剛玉相發(fā)育成柱狀或腰鼓狀，散亂分布在莫來石晶體周圍。 4．以大峪溝煤矸石為原料，添加40%（w）玉米淀粉為造孔劑，聚乙烯醇溶液（PVA）為結(jié)合劑，經(jīng)1500℃保溫3h燒成后，可制得輕質(zhì)多孔莫來石原料，其體積密度和顯氣孔率分別為1.19g·cm-3和62%。燒成試樣中所含物相為莫來石固溶體（Al4.80Si1.20O9.60）以及剛玉相（Al2O3），且隨著燒成溫度的升高，莫來石相的相對(duì)含量呈現(xiàn)增大趨勢(shì)，1500℃時(shí)有極大值73%。莫來石晶體結(jié)晶完好且發(fā)育呈∥C軸、橫斷面為四邊形的柱狀，長度為3~10μm。由于淀粉粒徑小，生成的氣孔以微孔為主且分布較為均勻，呈狹長形，尺寸在1~5μm左右。
[Abstract]:The development and utilization of coal plays a great role in promoting the social economy, but also has a significant negative impact on the environment. Coal gangue, which has accumulated more than 1 billion tons in China, is regarded as a kind of industrial solid waste with the largest quantity, and its resource utilization has become the focus of people's research. In this paper, the coal gangue produced by Henan Dayugou Hongqi Coal Industry Group (hereinafter referred to as Dayugou Coal gangue Mine) is used as the experimental raw material. Under the condition of adequate sampling, the measurements were made by means of inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), high resolution field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy spectrum analyzer (HR-FSEM EDS), (XRD), differential thermal analyzer (DTA) and laser particle size analyzer (LPA). The technology was used to characterize and analyze the coal gangue ore and the samples prepared in Dayugou coal mine. Then the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the performance of Dayugou coal gangue are carried out. After sorting, crushing, screening and impurity removal, the heavy mullite homogenizing material and porous light mullite raw material were prepared by high temperature sintering in Dayugou coal gangue mine. The particle size and firing temperature of ball mill were discussed. Influence of process factors such as holding time on Moleitization of Coal gangue and its Application in the Industrial Synthesis of heavy / Light Mullite Raw Materials, The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The Dayugou coal gangue used in this experiment belongs to aluminum-rich gangue, and its clinker chemical composition is Al _ 2O _ 3: 67.33% and Sio _ 2: 22.05. The main crystal phase is (AlOOH) and a small amount of pyrophyllite and kaolinite, and the microscopic morphology is scale-like aggregates under scanning electron microscope. 2. The sintering experiment of coal gangue raw ore shows that a small amount of mullite microcrystals are formed at 1250 鈩

本文編號(hào)：2198778