發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-05 06:03

  本文選題：NPR錨桿 + 深部圍巖大變形��； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)(北京)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：煤炭資源作為我國工業(yè)建設(shè)的主要能源,開采量和使用量愈來愈高,煤炭開采深度日益增加。目前我國主要煤礦開采深度已步入千米大關(guān),巷道掘進(jìn)和開采過程中遇到的深部圍巖非線性破壞現(xiàn)象也越來越多。以沖擊地壓為代表,這些現(xiàn)象往往具有無征兆、過程短和破壞性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),對人員和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全造成了嚴(yán)重威脅。因其發(fā)生原因復(fù)雜且難以觀測,因此需要在災(zāi)害未發(fā)生之前便采取防治措施對巷道和工作面進(jìn)行最大限度的保護(hù)。錨桿支護(hù)作為一種行之有效的支護(hù)方式,其具有成本低、人力低且使用簡單等優(yōu)點(diǎn),已廣泛應(yīng)用于國內(nèi)外煤礦和有色金屬礦的支護(hù)過程中。錨桿是否有效取決于支護(hù)阻力和變形量為主要方面的力學(xué)參數(shù),隨著開采深度和安全要求的不斷提高,傳統(tǒng)錨桿因自身結(jié)構(gòu)缺陷往往不能良好適用于深部圍巖大變形破壞而導(dǎo)致支護(hù)失效。且基于傳統(tǒng)材料研發(fā)的錨桿支護(hù)技術(shù)經(jīng)過多年發(fā)展已出現(xiàn)瓶頸。因此需要開發(fā)具有超常性質(zhì)的支護(hù)材料或結(jié)構(gòu),并建立新的關(guān)于復(fù)雜巖體的本構(gòu)關(guān)系,形成一套專門適用于深部圍巖大變形的錨桿支護(hù)體系理論顯得迫在眉睫。何滿潮院士首次在巖石力學(xué)領(lǐng)域中10-2~10 m的尺度上提出了負(fù)泊松比結(jié)構(gòu)/材料的概念以及負(fù)泊松比的力學(xué)行為等科學(xué)問題,并基于恒阻大變形材料防沖控制理念于2011年設(shè)計(jì)并研發(fā)了具有負(fù)泊松比效應(yīng)的恒阻大變形錨桿(即本文的NPR錨桿)。目前已對NPR錨桿已進(jìn)行了眾多室內(nèi)外實(shí)驗(yàn)和現(xiàn)場工程應(yīng)用,驗(yàn)證了其優(yōu)越性的同時(shí),對圍巖穩(wěn)定性控制技術(shù)及相應(yīng)支護(hù)對策的探討和實(shí)踐也以取得良好效果。但與靜態(tài)和準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)不同,結(jié)構(gòu)和慣性效應(yīng)將主要影響沖擊荷載作用下材料的動態(tài)響應(yīng)特性,即在動態(tài)沖擊作用下,NPR錨桿能否呈現(xiàn)出由結(jié)構(gòu)變形導(dǎo)致的負(fù)泊松比效應(yīng)仍是未知。鑒于上述原因,本課題的研究將針對在動態(tài)沖擊作用下NPR錨桿的動力學(xué)沖擊拉伸特性這一關(guān)鍵問題,以NPR錨桿動力學(xué)特性為突破點(diǎn),采用理論推導(dǎo)、工作原理分析、室內(nèi)動力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)和有限元分析相結(jié)合的方法,強(qiáng)調(diào)理論與實(shí)踐的融合以及室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)與數(shù)值模擬的統(tǒng)一。論文各部分研究內(nèi)容和主要結(jié)論如下:通過系統(tǒng)闡述恒阻大變形材料防沖控制理念,即依靠恒阻大變形材料自身材料特性或結(jié)構(gòu)特性來抵抗剩余外力荷載,避免材料破斷失效的同時(shí),吸收圍巖的變形能量,使得支護(hù)體達(dá)到新的能量平衡。介紹了NPR錨桿和NPR巖體的相關(guān)概念及其兩者的本構(gòu)關(guān)系及支護(hù)原理,進(jìn)而介紹了兩者本構(gòu)關(guān)系的解流變模型和解析模型,以及兩者的理想彈塑性本構(gòu)關(guān)系和復(fù)雜巖體定量化設(shè)計(jì)的可能性,并介紹了“無論巖體具有何種工程地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu),在嵌入了NPR支護(hù)后,都將具有與NPR支護(hù)材料相似的本構(gòu)關(guān)系”這一結(jié)論。為了分析和研究NPR錨桿的沖擊動力學(xué)特性,何滿潮院士基于傳統(tǒng)SHPB實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)改進(jìn)研發(fā)了NPR錨桿沖擊拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)。本文介紹了SHPB實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的理論假設(shè)和注意問題,并對NPR錨桿沖擊拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)組成、部件參數(shù)以及系統(tǒng)合理性進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的描述和分析。利用該實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),分別進(jìn)行了多組單根和雙根NPR錨桿實(shí)驗(yàn),詳細(xì)介紹了試件參數(shù)、實(shí)驗(yàn)準(zhǔn)備和實(shí)驗(yàn)方法之后,對實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了科學(xué)分析。NPR錨桿沖擊拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果詳細(xì)描述了NPR錨桿受沖過程中膨脹量、伸長量和沖擊力等力學(xué)參數(shù)的變化情況。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明在經(jīng)受動態(tài)沖擊作用時(shí),NPR錨桿恒阻裝置受沖伸長的同時(shí),其外螺紋凸處和凹處均膨脹變粗,且凹處變形量明顯高于凸處,平均變形量達(dá)1.58mm。當(dāng)桿體從恒阻套管沖出時(shí)桿體長度即為NPR錨桿最終拉伸量,本實(shí)驗(yàn)批次錨桿最終拉伸量可達(dá)450mm,進(jìn)而計(jì)算得出本批次NPR錨桿等效負(fù)泊松比均值約為-0.15。不同氣源壓強(qiáng)沖擊作用下,NPR錨桿承受的沖擊力也正比增加,即吸收能量也隨之增加,NPR錨桿每伸長單位長度耗能即錨桿抵抗變形能力也隨著吸收能量的增加而增大。膨脹量、拉伸量和沖擊力三者相互比較和分析,有效的驗(yàn)證了NPR錨桿在動態(tài)沖擊時(shí)仍具有良好的適應(yīng)性并表現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的負(fù)泊松比效應(yīng)。對NPR錨桿沖擊拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行有限元分析,不僅可以驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的可靠性,也可以對NPR錨桿的改進(jìn)進(jìn)行可視化指導(dǎo)。介紹了常見有限元分析軟件的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)并以此為依據(jù)采用CAD/CAE多軟件集成有限元分析方法對實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬。按照模型建立、有限元前處理和求解計(jì)算的順序介紹了NPR錨桿沖擊拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn)有限元模擬流程,其中,詳細(xì)描述了三維實(shí)體模型建立過程中所依據(jù)的簡化建模準(zhǔn)則和優(yōu)化處理方案,詳細(xì)說明了前處理過程中網(wǎng)格劃分的方法和參數(shù)條件的選定。對NPR錨桿沖擊拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行子彈初速度為12m/s的動態(tài)沖擊有限元分析,有限元膨脹量分析再現(xiàn)了恒阻套管螺紋凹處單元時(shí)刻與相鄰單元擠壓過程以及凹處和凸處單元的彈塑性變形過程;拉伸量分析表明錨桿軸向拉伸變形擁有與室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相類似的彈性回落現(xiàn)象;沖擊力分析時(shí)進(jìn)行了應(yīng)力和沖擊力的等效轉(zhuǎn)換,得到的沖擊力-時(shí)間曲線與室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相一致。對NPR錨桿沖擊拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行不同子彈初速度動態(tài)沖擊的有限元分析,分析結(jié)果表明只有單次沖擊時(shí)子彈速度滿足使套管膨脹達(dá)到最大值時(shí),NPR錨桿模型才能表現(xiàn)出明顯的軸向拉伸。上述結(jié)論表明有限元分析結(jié)果與室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果結(jié)果吻合度較高,進(jìn)而驗(yàn)證了有限元分析和室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的合理性和可行性。綜上所述,通過NPR錨桿沖擊拉伸實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了以動態(tài)沖擊作用下NPR錨桿依然具有良好動力學(xué)特性并表現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的負(fù)泊松比特性的驗(yàn)證,通過有限元分析方法和室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合,可以合理高效的對不同要求下亟需的NPR錨桿進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的種類選定和參數(shù)改良。將NPR錨桿投入不同環(huán)境的生產(chǎn)和實(shí)踐中去,對深部煤炭安全可持續(xù)開發(fā)利用有著不可忽視的積極作用,具有顯著的社會效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
[Abstract]:As the main energy source of China's industrial construction, the coal resources are becoming more and more high, and the depth of coal mining is increasing. At present, the depth of the main coal mining in our country has entered into the kilometer. There are more and more nonlinear damage phenomena in the deep surrounding rock in the course of tunnel excavation and mining. The elephant often has the characteristics of no omen, short process and strong destructiveness and so on. It poses a serious threat to the safety of personnel and property. Because the cause is complicated and difficult to observe, it is necessary to take preventive measures to the maximum protection of the roadway and working face before the disaster occurs. Bolt support is a kind of effective supporting side. It has the advantages of low cost, low manpower and simple use. It has been widely used in the support process of coal mine and non-ferrous metal mine at home and abroad. Whether the bolt is effective depends on the mechanical parameters of the support resistance and the deformation amount as the main aspect. With the continuous improvement of the mining depth and safety requirements, the traditional bolt is often caused by its own structural defects. The support failure can not be well applied to the large deformation and failure of the deep surrounding rock, and the bolt supporting technology based on the traditional materials has been developed for many years. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the support material or structure with supernormal properties, and establish a new constitutive relation of complex rock mass, and form a set of special application for deep circumference. The theory of rock bolt supporting system with large rock deformation is imminent. The academician he Chao and Chao put forward the concept of negative Poisson ratio structure / material and the mechanical behavior of negative Poisson ratio on the scale of 10-2~10 m in the field of rock mechanics for the first time, and designed and developed in 2011 based on the concept of constant resistance and large deformation material control. With the negative Poisson ratio effect, the constant resistance large deformation bolt (the NPR anchor in this paper). At present, many indoor and outdoor experiments and field engineering applications have been carried out on the NPR bolt. The advantages are verified, and the discussion and practice of the stability control technology of the surrounding rock and the corresponding supporting measures are also achieved. The structure and inertia effect will mainly affect the dynamic response characteristics of the material under the impact load, that is, the negative Poisson ratio effect of the NPR bolt is still unknown under the dynamic impact. In view of the above reasons, the study of this subject will be aimed at the dynamic impact tensile of the NPR bolt under dynamic impact. The key problem of sex is the breakthrough point of the dynamic characteristics of NPR bolt. It adopts the method of theoretical deduction, working principle analysis, indoor dynamic experiment and finite element analysis. It emphasizes the integration of theory and practice, and the unification of indoor experiment and numerical simulation. The contents and main conclusions of the thesis are as follows: through the systematic exposition The anti impact control concept of the constant resistance large deformation material is to resist the residual force load by relying on the material properties or structural characteristics of the large deformation material, to avoid the failure of the material breaking and to absorb the deformation energy of the surrounding rock, so that the support can reach the new energy balance. The related concepts of the NPR bolt and the NPR rock mass are introduced and the constitutive relations of the two are introduced. The relationship and support principle are introduced, and then the rheological model and analytical model of the two constitutive relations are introduced, as well as the ideal elastoplastic constitutive relation of the two and the possibility of quantitative design for complex rock mass. "No matter what the engineering geological structure of the rock mass has, after embedded NPR support, it will have the similarity to the NPR support material." In order to analyze and study the dynamic characteristics of the impact dynamics of NPR bolt, academician He Manchao developed an experimental system of NPR bolt impact tensile test based on the traditional SHPB experimental system. This paper introduces the theoretical hypothesis and attention problems of the SHPB experimental system, and the system composition of the NPR bolt impact tensile test system and the component reference. The number and the rationality of the system are described and analyzed in detail. Using the experimental system, several groups of single and double NPR bolt experiments are carried out respectively. The parameters of the specimen, the experimental preparation and the experimental methods are described in detail. The results of the experiment in the experimental process are scientifically analyzed and the results of the.NPR bolt impact tensile test are described in detail NPR The change of the mechanical parameters, such as expansion, elongation and impact force in the process of bolting, shows that when the dynamic impact is subjected to dynamic impact, the constant resistance device of NPR bolt is expanded and expanded at the same time, and the deformation of the concave is obviously higher than that of the convex place, and the average deformation amount is up to 1.58mm. when the rod body is from the constant resistance casing. The length of the rod body is the ultimate tensile amount of the NPR bolt, and the final tensile amount of the bolt in this experiment can reach 450mm. Then it is calculated that the equivalent negative Poisson ratio of the batch NPR bolt is about -0.15. different gas pressure impact, and the impact force of the NPR bolt is also increased directly, that is, the absorption energy is also increased and the NPR bolt is elongated. The capacity of unit length energy dissipation, that is, the resistance to deformation of bolt, also increases with the increase of absorption energy. Expansion, tension and impact force are compared and analyzed. It is proved that the NPR bolt has good adaptability and unique negative Poisson's ratio effect in dynamic impact. The impact tensile test of NPR bolt is limited. The element analysis can not only verify the reliability of the experimental results, but also provide visual guidance for the improvement of the NPR bolt. The advantages and disadvantages of the common finite element analysis software are introduced. Based on the CAD/CAE multi software integrated finite element analysis method, the numerical simulation of the experimental system is carried out. The finite element simulation process of the NPR bolt impact tensile test is introduced in the order of calculation, in which the simplified modeling criteria and the optimal treatment scheme are described in detail, and the method of grid division and the selection of the parameters of the parameters are described in detail. The impact tensile test system of the NPR bolt is made. The dynamic impact finite element analysis of the initial velocity of 12m/s is carried out. The finite element expansion analysis reproduces the elastic-plastic deformation process of the extrusion process of the constant resistance casing thread and the adjacent unit and the concave and convex units, and the tensile strength analysis shows that the axial tensile deformation of the bolt has the similar elasticity to the laboratory experimental results. The equivalent conversion of stress and impact force is carried out in the analysis of the impact force. The impact force time curve is in accordance with the laboratory results. The finite element analysis of the dynamic impact of the initial velocity of different bullets on the NPR bolt impact tensile test system is analyzed. The analysis results show that the bullet velocity satisfies the casing expansion only when the single impact is impacted. When the expansion reaches the maximum value, the NPR anchor model can show obvious axial tension. The above conclusion shows that the results of finite element analysis are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the rationality and feasibility of combining the finite element analysis with the laboratory experiment are verified. In summary, the dynamic test of the NPR bolt is proved to be dynamic by the impact tensile test. Under impact, the NPR bolt still has good dynamic characteristics and shows unique negative Poisson ratio characteristics. Through the combination of the finite element analysis method and the laboratory experiment, the corresponding selection and parameter improvement of the NPR bolt which are needed under different requirements can be reasonably and efficiently. The production of NPR bolt in different environment can be put into production. And in practice, it plays an important role in the sustainable development and utilization of deep coal. It has significant social and economic benefits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TD353.6

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