多核SMP集群并行計算的可擴放性研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-25 00:30
【摘要】：隨著高性能計算技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,并行計算已經(jīng)成為提高計算機系統(tǒng)性能的主要方法,并行計算的可擴放性也成為評價并行計算性能的主要指標之一。但隨著高性能計算機系統(tǒng)規(guī)模的不斷增長,并行計算系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)日益復雜,編程困難、存儲量大、效率下降等一系列的問題大量出現(xiàn),以上問題都從不同方面降低了并行計算的性能,從而對并行系統(tǒng)的正常運行產(chǎn)生了一定的影響。由此可見并行計算的性能不能隨著機器規(guī)模的增加而提升�，F(xiàn)如今可擴放性已成為并行處理中一個重要的研究問題,被越來越廣泛地用來描述并行算法(并行程序)能否有效利用可擴充的處理器數(shù)的能力。因此,深入和全面地研究并行算法和并行機相結(jié)合的可擴放性是對并行計算性能進行合理、精準評價的關鍵。針對以上情況,本文主要研究多核SMP集群系統(tǒng)并行計算的可擴放性,可擴放性評價準則是研究并行計算可擴放性的基礎,建立合適的可擴放性評價方法,以實現(xiàn)并行計算性能提高的目標。論文主要研究內(nèi)容如下:首先,論文介紹了并行計算機體系結(jié)構(gòu)和模型以及多核SMP集群系統(tǒng)的體系架構(gòu)特點,然后詳細介紹了可擴放性的概念以及相關技術(shù),論文在深入分析典型的可擴放性評價準則的基礎之上,指出了它們的適用范圍和優(yōu)缺點。其次,根據(jù)多核SMP集群系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)特點,改進了傳統(tǒng)等效率可擴放性評價準則。分析了多核SMP集群中的處理器集合存在不完全等價的問題,為了解決不完全等價的問題,本文以最優(yōu)處理器集合的概念為基礎,并對處理器集合的計算能力進行定義,改進了傳統(tǒng)等效率可擴放性評價準則以適用于多核SMP集群系統(tǒng),并分析了改進等效率可擴放性評價準則,得出傳統(tǒng)評價準則是改進評價準則在一定條件下的一種形式,以及改進評價準則與并行執(zhí)行時間之間的關系等重要結(jié)論。此外,在改進等效率可擴放性評價準則的基礎上進一步研究了如何調(diào)節(jié)集群系統(tǒng)的節(jié)點間可擴放性,為了并行算法盡可能地充分利用增加的處理器,選擇合適的網(wǎng)絡互聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu),增加網(wǎng)絡通信帶寬,可以有效地減少通信延遲和計算延遲,進而提高系統(tǒng)的性能。因此提出集群系統(tǒng)中基于帶寬的節(jié)點間可擴放調(diào)節(jié)系數(shù)概念,進一步優(yōu)化評價準則,從理論和實驗方面分析了節(jié)點間可擴放調(diào)節(jié)系數(shù)對系統(tǒng)性能的提升起到重要作用。最后,論文將曙光TC5000作為并行計算的實驗環(huán)境,并在集群平臺上實際運行矩陣相乘算法進行擴放性實驗,進一步驗證改進等效率可擴放性評價準則的有效性,對得到實驗數(shù)據(jù)進行詳細的分析。實驗結(jié)果表明,此可擴放性評價準則較好的分析了多核SMP集群系統(tǒng)的可擴放性,對于指導并行計算體系結(jié)構(gòu)完善,以及并行算法設計和改進具有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of high performance computing technology, parallel computing has become the main method to improve the performance of computer systems, and the scalability of parallel computing has become one of the main indicators to evaluate the performance of parallel computing. However, with the continuous growth of the scale of high performance computer system, the structure of parallel computing system is becoming more and more complex, the programming is difficult, the storage capacity is large, the efficiency is declining and so on. The above problems reduce the performance of parallel computing from different aspects, which has a certain impact on the normal operation of parallel systems. It can be seen that the performance of parallel computing can not be improved with the increase of machine size. Nowadays, extensibility has become an important research problem in parallel processing, which is more and more widely used to describe whether parallel algorithms (parallel programs) can effectively make use of the number of expandable processors. Therefore, it is the key to evaluate the performance of parallel computing reasonably and accurately to study the extensibility of parallel algorithm and parallel computer deeply and comprehensively. In view of the above situation, this paper mainly studies the extensibility of parallel computing in multi-core SMP cluster system. The evaluation criterion of extensibility is the basis of studying the extensibility of parallel computing, and a suitable evaluation method of extensibility is established. In order to achieve the goal of improving the performance of parallel computing. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the parallel computer architecture and model and the architecture characteristics of multi-core SMP cluster system are introduced, and then the concept of extensibility and related technologies are introduced in detail. On the basis of in-depth analysis of typical extensibility evaluation criteria, this paper points out their applicable scope, advantages and disadvantages. Secondly, according to the architecture characteristics of multi-core SMP cluster system, the traditional evaluation criterion of equal efficiency extensibility is improved. This paper analyzes the problem of incomplete equivalence of processor sets in multi-core SMP cluster. In order to solve the problem of incomplete equivalence, this paper is based on the concept of optimal processor set, and defines the computing power of processor set. The traditional evaluation criterion of equal efficiency extensibility is improved to apply to multi-core SMP cluster system, and the improved equal efficiency extensibility evaluation criterion is analyzed. It is concluded that the traditional evaluation criterion is a form of improved evaluation criterion under certain conditions. And some important conclusions, such as the relationship between the improved evaluation criteria and the parallel execution time, are also discussed. In addition, on the basis of improving the evaluation criterion of equal efficiency extensibility, this paper further studies how to adjust the inter-node extensibility of cluster system, and selects the appropriate network interconnection structure in order to make full use of the increased processor as much as possible in the parallel algorithm. By increasing the network communication bandwidth, the communication delay and computing delay can be effectively reduced, and the performance of the system can be improved. Therefore, the concept of inter-node expandable adjustment coefficient based on bandwidth in cluster system is put forward, and the evaluation criterion is further optimized. from the theoretical and experimental aspects, it is analyzed that the inter-node expandable adjustment coefficient plays an important role in improving the performance of the system. Finally, the dawning TC5000 is used as the experimental environment of parallel computing, and the expansibility experiment is carried out by running the matrix multiplication algorithm on the cluster platform to further verify the effectiveness of the improved equal efficiency extensibility evaluation criterion. The experimental data are analyzed in detail. The experimental results show that the extensibility evaluation criterion is a good analysis of the scalability of multi-core SMP cluster system, which is of great significance to guide the improvement of parallel computing architecture, as well as the design and improvement of parallel algorithms.
【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP338.6
本文編號：2485325
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of high performance computing technology, parallel computing has become the main method to improve the performance of computer systems, and the scalability of parallel computing has become one of the main indicators to evaluate the performance of parallel computing. However, with the continuous growth of the scale of high performance computer system, the structure of parallel computing system is becoming more and more complex, the programming is difficult, the storage capacity is large, the efficiency is declining and so on. The above problems reduce the performance of parallel computing from different aspects, which has a certain impact on the normal operation of parallel systems. It can be seen that the performance of parallel computing can not be improved with the increase of machine size. Nowadays, extensibility has become an important research problem in parallel processing, which is more and more widely used to describe whether parallel algorithms (parallel programs) can effectively make use of the number of expandable processors. Therefore, it is the key to evaluate the performance of parallel computing reasonably and accurately to study the extensibility of parallel algorithm and parallel computer deeply and comprehensively. In view of the above situation, this paper mainly studies the extensibility of parallel computing in multi-core SMP cluster system. The evaluation criterion of extensibility is the basis of studying the extensibility of parallel computing, and a suitable evaluation method of extensibility is established. In order to achieve the goal of improving the performance of parallel computing. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the parallel computer architecture and model and the architecture characteristics of multi-core SMP cluster system are introduced, and then the concept of extensibility and related technologies are introduced in detail. On the basis of in-depth analysis of typical extensibility evaluation criteria, this paper points out their applicable scope, advantages and disadvantages. Secondly, according to the architecture characteristics of multi-core SMP cluster system, the traditional evaluation criterion of equal efficiency extensibility is improved. This paper analyzes the problem of incomplete equivalence of processor sets in multi-core SMP cluster. In order to solve the problem of incomplete equivalence, this paper is based on the concept of optimal processor set, and defines the computing power of processor set. The traditional evaluation criterion of equal efficiency extensibility is improved to apply to multi-core SMP cluster system, and the improved equal efficiency extensibility evaluation criterion is analyzed. It is concluded that the traditional evaluation criterion is a form of improved evaluation criterion under certain conditions. And some important conclusions, such as the relationship between the improved evaluation criteria and the parallel execution time, are also discussed. In addition, on the basis of improving the evaluation criterion of equal efficiency extensibility, this paper further studies how to adjust the inter-node extensibility of cluster system, and selects the appropriate network interconnection structure in order to make full use of the increased processor as much as possible in the parallel algorithm. By increasing the network communication bandwidth, the communication delay and computing delay can be effectively reduced, and the performance of the system can be improved. Therefore, the concept of inter-node expandable adjustment coefficient based on bandwidth in cluster system is put forward, and the evaluation criterion is further optimized. from the theoretical and experimental aspects, it is analyzed that the inter-node expandable adjustment coefficient plays an important role in improving the performance of the system. Finally, the dawning TC5000 is used as the experimental environment of parallel computing, and the expansibility experiment is carried out by running the matrix multiplication algorithm on the cluster platform to further verify the effectiveness of the improved equal efficiency extensibility evaluation criterion. The experimental data are analyzed in detail. The experimental results show that the extensibility evaluation criterion is a good analysis of the scalability of multi-core SMP cluster system, which is of great significance to guide the improvement of parallel computing architecture, as well as the design and improvement of parallel algorithms.
【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP338.6
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