發(fā)布時間：2019-01-08 12:20

【摘要】：水土流失是一種突發(fā)性的自然災(zāi)害，根據(jù)我國公布的全國第2次遙感調(diào)查結(jié)果的權(quán)威數(shù)據(jù)顯示，中國的水土流失面積已經(jīng)達(dá)到356萬km~2，占我國國土總面積的37%，其中：水力侵蝕面積達(dá)到165萬km~2，風(fēng)力侵蝕面積達(dá)到191萬km~2。對我國的國民生產(chǎn)以及居民的生活造成了巨大的隱患和威脅。由于水土流失具有：突發(fā)性，不確定性及災(zāi)變性等特點，，使得精確的水土流失預(yù)警成為一個世界性的科學(xué)難題。因此，如何做到準(zhǔn)確的災(zāi)前預(yù)防和災(zāi)后展開的救援工作，是目前減輕水土流失災(zāi)害損失最有效的方法。 遙感檢測技術(shù)是在20世紀(jì)60年代發(fā)展起來的一種非接觸的、新型檢測科學(xué)技術(shù)。一般情況下我們通過遙感檢測設(shè)備來探測被測實物的電波反射、散射等特性，同時結(jié)合相關(guān)實物的特性、原理進(jìn)行研究的新型科技、手段。與傳統(tǒng)的人工探測手段相比，遙感檢測技術(shù)具有：觀測范圍大、不受時間空間限制、綜合、宏觀等特點。為宏觀研究各種地理現(xiàn)象及其相互關(guān)系提供了有力的條件；遙感數(shù)據(jù)具有：信息量大、獲取手段多，使得研究人員對地球的觀測具有了全天候，多方位的能力；獲取信息快，更新周期短，具有動態(tài)檢測等特點�；谝陨系哪康模狙芯恐饕墓ぷ骱蛢�(nèi)容如下： 本文首先介紹了遙感檢測技術(shù)應(yīng)用于災(zāi)害信息提取的研究現(xiàn)狀，并對并行計算的相關(guān)概念、發(fā)展歷程以及當(dāng)今主流的并行計算編程環(huán)境、模式進(jìn)行了簡單的概述。在此基礎(chǔ)之上，分析了并行計算技術(shù)在遙感圖像處理中的應(yīng)用的現(xiàn)狀，介紹了基于Berkerley NOW的MPI和OpenMP混合編程模型的搭建過程，以遙感圖像檢測通常使用的相關(guān)系數(shù)法和比值法這兩種常用的變化檢測方法作為對比信息的提取方法，在本研究中所構(gòu)建的機群系統(tǒng)上實現(xiàn)了基于主從模式的并行模型，最后采用湖南省婁底地區(qū)大石山附近的遙感圖像作為實驗采樣區(qū)進(jìn)行對比實驗，并對并行計算的效果進(jìn)行了討論。
[Abstract]:Soil erosion is a sudden natural disaster. According to the authoritative data of the second national remote sensing survey published by our country, the soil and water loss area of China has reached 3.56 million km~2, accounting for 37% of the total land area of our country. The area of hydraulic erosion is 1.65 million km~2, and the area of wind erosion is 1.91 million km~2.. To our country's national production as well as the resident's life has caused the huge hidden danger and the threat. Due to the characteristics of soil and water loss, such as sudden, uncertain and catastrophic, accurate early warning of soil and water loss has become a worldwide scientific problem. Therefore, it is the most effective method to reduce the loss of soil and water loss. Remote sensing technology is a non-contact, new detection technology developed in 1960's. In general, we use remote sensing detection equipment to detect the reflected and scattering characteristics of the measured object. At the same time, combining with the characteristics of the related physical object, we study the new technology and means of the principle. Compared with the traditional manual detection technology, remote sensing technology has the following characteristics: large observation range, no time and space limitation, synthesis, macro and so on. It provides a powerful condition for the macroscopic study of various geographical phenomena and their interrelations, and the remote sensing data have the following characteristics: large amount of information and many means of obtaining, which makes researchers have the ability of all-weather and multi-directional observation of the earth; Fast information acquisition, short update period, dynamic detection and so on. Based on the above purpose, the main work and contents of this study are as follows: firstly, this paper introduces the research status of remote sensing technology applied to disaster information extraction, and the related concepts of parallel computing. The development course and the current mainstream parallel computing programming environment, the pattern has carried on the simple outline. On this basis, the application of parallel computing technology in remote sensing image processing is analyzed, and the process of building a hybrid programming model of MPI and OpenMP based on Berkerley NOW is introduced. The correlation coefficient method and the ratio method, which are commonly used in remote sensing image detection, are used as comparison information extraction methods. The parallel model based on master-slave mode is implemented on the cluster system in this study. Finally, the remote sensing image near Dashishan in Loudi area of Hunan Province is used as the experimental sampling area to carry on the contrast experiment, and the effect of parallel calculation is discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TP338.6;TP751

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