【摘要】：熔融沉積(Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM)打印技術(shù)是目前最具有生命力的3D打印技術(shù)之一,它具有設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,成本低,成型材料廣泛和成型尺寸大等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但與此同時(shí)由于熔融沉積打印技術(shù)的自身特點(diǎn),存在著打印速度慢、打印制件表面粗糙以及強(qiáng)度較差、一次只能打印一種顏色等缺陷。近年來(lái),國(guó)內(nèi)外針對(duì)熔融沉積3D打印設(shè)備、材料以及工藝等方面投入了大量研究,在打印速度、打印制件質(zhì)量等方面取得了許多研究成果,但是支持彩色打印的熔融沉積3D打印機(jī)為數(shù)不多,且都集中在歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。而彩色3D模型在視覺(jué)效果上,較單色模型來(lái)說(shuō)更加立體、直觀,所以更符合未來(lái)人類社會(huì)的生產(chǎn)和生活需求。因此,本課題與南京壹仟零壹號(hào)自動(dòng)化有限公司合作,以該公司的工業(yè)級(jí)F500型單噴頭熔融沉積3D打印機(jī)為母機(jī),以自動(dòng)更換線料、彩色打印為需求背景,研制彩色接線器。首先,分析總結(jié)國(guó)內(nèi)外專家學(xué)者在彩色熔融沉積打印方面的研究；結(jié)合熔融沉積3D打印的原理,分析工業(yè)級(jí)F500型3D打印機(jī)的技術(shù)參數(shù)與性能指標(biāo)；針對(duì)目前熔融沉積3D打印機(jī)在打印過(guò)程中人工更換線料的具體步驟,提出通過(guò)自動(dòng)換料的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)彩色打印的彩色熔融沉積打印解決方案。其次,根據(jù)提出的方案,進(jìn)行彩色接線器的總體設(shè)計(jì),其中包括機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與控制系統(tǒng)的軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)。機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)部分主要包括線料輸送機(jī)構(gòu)、線料剪斷機(jī)構(gòu)、線料切換機(jī)構(gòu)這三個(gè)關(guān)鍵執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)；控制系統(tǒng)主要包括串口通訊系統(tǒng)、步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)、狀態(tài)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)這三個(gè)子控制系統(tǒng)的軟硬件。然后,進(jìn)行機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)和控制系統(tǒng)的軟硬件設(shè)計(jì),完成彩色接線器的整機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)；線料切換機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)定位精度有嚴(yán)格的要求,通過(guò)研究設(shè)計(jì)一種實(shí)時(shí)性強(qiáng)的S曲線加減速算法,有效地避免驅(qū)動(dòng)步進(jìn)電機(jī)在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)丟步、過(guò)沖、振蕩等不良現(xiàn)象,從而提高機(jī)構(gòu)的定位精度。最后,制作彩色接線器物理樣機(jī),對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行調(diào)試與試驗(yàn)。為達(dá)到線料切換機(jī)構(gòu)所需的定位精度,對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的加減速控制參數(shù)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)試；通過(guò)搭建試驗(yàn)平臺(tái),對(duì)設(shè)備的核心功能,即換料功能進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明該設(shè)備達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)方案的要求。
[Abstract]:Melt deposition (Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM) printing technology is one of the most active 3D printing technologies. It has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, wide range of molding materials and large size. But at the same time due to the characteristics of the melt deposition printing technology there are some defects such as low printing speed rough surface and poor strength of the printed parts and only one color can be printed at a time. In recent years, a large number of researches have been devoted to the melting deposition 3D printing equipment, materials and technology, and many research achievements have been made in printing speed, printing quality and so on. But there are few fused deposition 3D printers supporting color printing, and they are concentrated in developed countries such as Europe and America. The color 3D model is more stereoscopic and intuitionistic than the monochromatic model in visual effect, so it is more suitable for the production and life needs of human society in the future. Therefore, this subject cooperates with Nanjing 1001 Automation Co., Ltd., taking the industrial F500 single head melt deposition 3D printer as the master machine, taking the automatic change of wire material and color printing as the demand background, the color connector is developed. Firstly, this paper analyzes and summarizes the research on color melt deposition printing by experts and scholars at home and abroad, and analyzes the technical parameters and performance indexes of industrial F500 3D printer based on the principle of melt deposition 3D printing. In view of the concrete steps of manual replacement of wire material in the printing process of fused deposition 3D printer, a solution of color melt deposition printing by automatic reloading is proposed. Secondly, according to the proposed scheme, the overall design of the color connector, including the mechanical structure design and control system hardware and software design. The mechanical structure includes three key actuators: line conveyor structure, wire material shearing mechanism and wire material switching mechanism. The control system mainly includes three sub-control systems: serial communication system, step motor control system and status monitoring system. Then, the hardware and software design of the mechanical structure and control system is carried out, and the development of the whole machine of the color connector is completed. The wire material switching mechanism has strict requirements for positioning accuracy. By studying and designing a real time S curve acceleration and deceleration algorithm, it can effectively avoid the bad phenomena such as dropping step, overshoot, oscillation and so on in the running process of driving step motor. Thus, the positioning accuracy of the mechanism is improved. Finally, the physical prototype of the color connector is made, and the equipment is debugged and tested. In order to achieve the positioning accuracy required by the wire material switching mechanism, the acceleration and deceleration control parameters of the driving stepping motor are debugged in the field. The core function of the equipment, that is, the recharging function, is tested by setting up the test platform. The results show that the equipment meets the requirements of the design scheme.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TP334.8

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