【摘要】：嵌入式系統(tǒng)正深刻地推動著社會的信息化、智能化發(fā)展，并且在國民經(jīng)濟中扮演著舉足輕重的作用。然而，嵌入式系統(tǒng)由于通常工作在復(fù)雜嚴苛的受限環(huán)境中，尤其對于那些采用電池供電的設(shè)備，因而嵌入式系統(tǒng)面臨著嚴重的能耗約束。不僅如此，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的進一步發(fā)展以及物聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的逐漸興起，嵌入式系統(tǒng)面臨的安全威脅也日益嚴峻。低能耗、高安全性的嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計正面臨著前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)。 低功耗嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計，離不開對系統(tǒng)能耗的測量分析。本文針對嵌入式軟件傳統(tǒng)能耗測量方法的不足，從專業(yè)測控領(lǐng)域?qū)ふ医鉀Q辦法，設(shè)計實現(xiàn)了一種基于LabVIEW的精確能耗測量手段。該方法對嵌入式程序軟件所運行的目標設(shè)備直接進行電壓和電流信號的測量與采集，并采用一種基于離散數(shù)據(jù)的近似能耗計算方法，求得有效能耗數(shù)據(jù)。通過實際的對比測量，，證明了本方法的正確性與有效性。 要深入地研究安全與能耗之間的聯(lián)系，對安全算法的能耗特征分析就顯得尤為重要。為了獲得相關(guān)安全算法的精確能耗和性能數(shù)據(jù)，基于本文提出的嵌入式軟件能耗測量方法，搭建了實際的物理測量平臺。在該平臺上測得了典型安全算法的能耗數(shù)據(jù)，主要包括：對稱密碼算法、非對稱密碼算法、哈希算法。根據(jù)所測數(shù)據(jù)，本文提出一種多維的分析框架，從功率、速度、單位能耗成本這三個角度揭示了安全算法的能耗特征。為了幫助解釋和研究這些能耗特征，本文還構(gòu)建了相關(guān)的數(shù)學(xué)模型來進行歸納和擴展。 高效率的安全與能耗感知的實時任務(wù)調(diào)度算法，對于降低系統(tǒng)能耗、提高系統(tǒng)安全性有顯著作用。本文針對異構(gòu)環(huán)境下的實時嵌入式系統(tǒng)，提出了安全與能耗感知的調(diào)度長度和能耗權(quán)重可調(diào)的WTSE（Weight Tuning for Schedule Length andEnergy Consumption）實時任務(wù)調(diào)度算法。該算法充分考慮了網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信、安全服務(wù)、系統(tǒng)能耗、任務(wù)實時性等多種因素，并通過作業(yè)調(diào)度長度和能耗權(quán)重可調(diào)的線性判別函數(shù)來篩選最優(yōu)結(jié)點。此外，設(shè)計了一種任務(wù)松散時間利用率機制，以確保安全服務(wù)不會占用過多能耗和處理機時間。通過相關(guān)算法的對比實驗，證明了該算法在有效提高系統(tǒng)安全性和降低系統(tǒng)能耗的同時，可進一步保持較短的作業(yè)調(diào)度長度和較高的加速比性能。
[Abstract]:Embedded system is promoting the development of information and intelligence, and plays an important role in the national economy. However, because embedded systems usually work in complex and severe restricted environments, especially for those devices powered by batteries, embedded systems are faced with severe energy constraints. Moreover, with the further development of the Internet and the rise of the Internet of things industry, embedded systems are facing increasingly serious security threats. Low energy consumption, high security embedded system design is facing unprecedented challenges. The design of low-power embedded system is inseparable from the measurement and analysis of system energy consumption. Aiming at the deficiency of the traditional energy consumption measurement method of embedded software, this paper looks for the solution in the field of professional measurement and control, and designs and implements a kind of accurate energy consumption measurement method based on LabVIEW. In this method, the voltage and current signals are measured and collected directly for the target equipment running in the embedded program software, and an approximate energy consumption calculation method based on discrete data is used to obtain the effective energy consumption data. The correctness and validity of this method are proved by the actual comparison and measurement. In order to study the relationship between safety and energy consumption, it is very important to analyze the energy consumption characteristics of security algorithm. In order to obtain accurate energy consumption and performance data of relevant security algorithms, a practical physical measurement platform is built based on the embedded software energy consumption measurement method proposed in this paper. The energy consumption data of typical security algorithms are measured on this platform, including symmetric cipher algorithm, asymmetric cipher algorithm and hash algorithm. Based on the measured data, this paper presents a multi-dimensional analysis framework, which reveals the energy consumption characteristics of the security algorithm from three aspects: power, speed and unit energy consumption cost. In order to help explain and study the characteristics of energy consumption, a mathematical model is constructed to sum up and expand. Efficient security and energy-aware real-time task scheduling algorithms play a significant role in reducing system energy consumption and improving system security. In this paper, a WTSE (Weight Tuning for Schedule Length andEnergy Consumption) real-time task scheduling algorithm with adjustable power consumption and safety aware scheduling length is proposed for real-time embedded systems in heterogeneous environments. The algorithm takes into account many factors such as network communication, security service, system energy consumption, real-time task and so on. The optimal nodes are selected by linear discriminant function with adjustable job scheduling length and energy consumption weight. In addition, a task loose time utilization mechanism is designed to ensure that security services do not consume too much energy and processor time. It is proved that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve system security and reduce system energy consumption, while maintaining shorter job scheduling length and higher speedup performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TP368.1

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