發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-02 11:27

【摘要】：石油工業(yè)是一種技術(shù)密集型行業(yè)，鉆井作業(yè)是石油工業(yè)拿儲(chǔ)量、上產(chǎn)能的重要手段之一。由于石油鉆井生產(chǎn)條件的限制和井下情況的復(fù)雜性，使石油鉆井生產(chǎn)存在極大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。為了獲得更好生產(chǎn)效率和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，減少人為事故的發(fā)生，對(duì)鉆井現(xiàn)場(chǎng)操作人員和工程技術(shù)人員的技術(shù)技能培訓(xùn)就顯得十分重要。而對(duì)鉆井關(guān)鍵崗位，比如司鉆、隊(duì)長(zhǎng)等的技術(shù)技能培訓(xùn)更是所有培訓(xùn)中的重中之重。 鉆井模擬器是為了培訓(xùn)考核鉆井司鉆及鉆井工程技術(shù)人員而產(chǎn)生的。傳統(tǒng)的培訓(xùn)考核方法主要依賴于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)操作，這往往會(huì)以一口或幾口井停產(chǎn)的代價(jià)來(lái)進(jìn)行。由于無(wú)法正常、連續(xù)地進(jìn)行鉆井生產(chǎn)，造成人力、物力、財(cái)力和設(shè)備的浪費(fèi)。特別是在培訓(xùn)考核期間，由于操作者操作技術(shù)水平的差異，環(huán)境氣氛、對(duì)設(shè)備的熟悉程度等因素的影響，操作者容易緊張出現(xiàn)操作不當(dāng)和誤操作，發(fā)生地面和井下事故，，造成極大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。因此，在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)培訓(xùn)考核既不經(jīng)濟(jì)，也難以保證人身和設(shè)備的安全。 而通過(guò)仿真系統(tǒng)對(duì)鉆井工人進(jìn)行技能培訓(xùn)，不受客觀條件限制，且極大的降低了誤操作帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因此模擬系統(tǒng)首先要在操作機(jī)構(gòu)上和室外設(shè)備相同，不過(guò)在操作機(jī)構(gòu)的內(nèi)部，要設(shè)計(jì)一套分布式控制系統(tǒng)，對(duì)學(xué)員的各項(xiàng)操作進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集和分析，最終在流程上模擬出室外的實(shí)際操作效果。 本文在上述研究背景下首先對(duì)目前嵌入式系統(tǒng)各類型處理器的性能和適用范圍進(jìn)行比較，對(duì)目前常用的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線通信技術(shù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了一種采用嵌入式處理器和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)的分布式控制系統(tǒng)方案，并最終實(shí)現(xiàn)并應(yīng)用到鉆井模擬器系統(tǒng)中，并通過(guò)在軟硬件開(kāi)發(fā)中采取特殊措施，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)系統(tǒng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:Oil industry is a kind of technology-intensive industry, drilling is one of the important means for oil industry to take reserves and increase production capacity. Because of the limitation of oil drilling production conditions and the complexity of downhole conditions, there are great risks in oil drilling production. In order to obtain better production efficiency and economic benefit and reduce the occurrence of man-made accidents, it is very important to train the technical skills of drilling site operators and engineers. Technical skills training for key drilling positions, such as drillers and captains, is a top priority in all training. Drilling simulators are created to train and assess drilling drillers and drilling engineering technicians. The traditional training assessment method mainly depends on the field operation, which is often carried out at the cost of one or more wells. Due to the failure to carry out drilling production continuously, the waste of manpower, material resources, financial resources and equipment is caused. Especially during the period of training and examination, due to the difference of the operator's operating technology level, the environmental atmosphere, the familiarity of the equipment and other factors, the operator is prone to appear improper operation and misoperation easily, resulting in ground and underground accidents. Cause great economic losses. Therefore, it is neither economical nor difficult to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment in the field training and examination. The simulation system is not limited by objective conditions, and greatly reduces the risk of misoperation. Therefore, the simulation system must be the same as outdoor equipment in the operation mechanism. However, a distributed control system should be designed to collect and analyze the data of each operation of the cadets, and finally to simulate the actual operation effect outside in the process. Based on the above research background, this paper first compares the performance and applicable range of various types of processors in embedded system, and compares the field bus communication technology commonly used at present. On this basis, a distributed control system based on embedded processor and fieldbus technology is designed, which is finally implemented and applied to drilling simulator system, and special measures are taken in the development of software and hardware. The protection of system intellectual property is realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TE928;TP368.1

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本文編號(hào)：2159286