【摘要】：數(shù)控折彎機床系統(tǒng)是將控制技術(shù)、圖元處理技術(shù)、折彎技術(shù)相結(jié)合的智能控制系統(tǒng)。通過讀取CAD軟件中設(shè)計的圖元軌跡,然后利用伺服系統(tǒng)對不同材質(zhì)不同型號的薄壁件進行折彎,加工出所需圖樣的刀模。這些刀模廣泛應(yīng)用于與其發(fā)展相關(guān)的印刷包裝行業(yè)和電子行業(yè)中,例如紙箱包裝、彩盒、鞋類、手機套等。目前為止,我國數(shù)控折彎機床技術(shù)經(jīng)過了數(shù)十年的發(fā)展,雖然折彎機數(shù)控設(shè)備具有折彎、打橋位、剪斷等功能集于一身,但存在一些共性的問題,比如圖元操作不方便、軟件操作不穩(wěn)定,特別是在加工圖元復(fù)雜時,加工出的工件會有不同程度的誤差出現(xiàn),且誤差有一定的隨機性,很難建立一個精確的刀模加工數(shù)學(xué)模型。國產(chǎn)數(shù)控折彎機床設(shè)備存在低速度、穩(wěn)定性差、精度不高等缺點,研究如何實時修正刀模高速加工過程中出現(xiàn)的誤差,既有學(xué)術(shù)價值也有應(yīng)用意義。 本文的研究內(nèi)容主要包括以下幾點： 1.研究了薄壁件在加工過程中影響變形的主要因素。首先,基于ANSYS軟件的同種材質(zhì)的不同厚度薄壁件的受力變形的模型建立、載荷施加、非線性求解、仿真。根據(jù)各種仿真矢量圖和分布云圖,很直觀的看到應(yīng)力和位移的分布情況,定性的分析了薄壁件受力變形特性。其次,研究薄壁件在集中載荷作用下彎曲的力學(xué)模型。根據(jù)滿足模型的各種幾何邊界條件,計算出其撓度函數(shù)表達式,確立影響變形的幾種主要因素。 2.結(jié)合薄壁件自身的彈性特性和折彎過程中的一些主要影響因素,引入T-S模糊控制模型X軸步距、x軸步距變化率、Y軸步距、Y軸步距變化率四個參數(shù)。將X軸步距、X軸步距變化率、Y軸步距、Y軸步距變化率四個參數(shù)作為T-S模糊邏輯控制器的前提輸入變量,將數(shù)控插補值的修正量作為模糊控制器的輸出參數(shù)。針對數(shù)控折彎機床系統(tǒng)的特殊性,本文只研究了控制系統(tǒng)中用到的逐點比較法的圓弧插補算法。 3.分析了基于MFC的圖元繪制技術(shù)以及顯示技術(shù),研究了直線拾取算法、圓弧拾取算法、橢圓繪制算法。針對大半徑小弧長的圓弧繪制時出現(xiàn)劣弧繪制成其對應(yīng)的優(yōu)弧的現(xiàn)象,深入分析了產(chǎn)生此現(xiàn)象的原因,提出了相應(yīng)的解決方法。設(shè)計了圖元插補數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)和圖元的矢量圖形相關(guān)信息、儲存的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu),使圖元的拾取、中點打斷、邊界打斷等功能等能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。 結(jié)合以上研究成果開發(fā)的專用數(shù)控系統(tǒng)通過數(shù)控折彎機床測試并在工業(yè)現(xiàn)場應(yīng)用,表明能夠成功解決連續(xù)加工多個N型圖元時出現(xiàn)的長短腳現(xiàn)象以及兩個腳的夾死和張開問題。系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)了高速、高精度和高穩(wěn)定性的功能,另外還體現(xiàn)了圖元拾取速度快、處理方便等優(yōu)點,獲得客戶好評。
[Abstract]:CNC bending machine tool system is an intelligent control system which combines control technology, graphic element processing technology and bending technology. By reading the trace of the drawing element designed in CAD software and using servo system to bend the thin-walled parts of different materials and different types, the cutting die of the needed drawing is obtained. These cutters are widely used in printing and packaging industries and electronics related to their development, such as carton packaging, color boxes, footwear, mobile phone sets and so on. Up to now, the CNC bending machine tool technology in China has been developed for decades. Although the CNC equipment of the bending machine has the functions of bending, bridging, shearing and so on, there are some common problems, such as the inconvenient operation of graphic elements. The software operation is unstable, especially when the processing element is complex, the workpiece will have different degrees of error, and the error has certain randomness, it is difficult to establish a precise mathematical model of cutting die processing. The domestic CNC bending machine equipment has some shortcomings such as low speed, poor stability and low precision. It is of academic value and practical significance to study how to correct the errors in the process of high speed machining of cutter die in real time. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The main factors affecting the deformation of thin-walled parts during machining are studied. Firstly, based on ANSYS software, the deformation model of thin-walled parts with the same thickness is established, the load is applied, the nonlinear solution is solved, and the simulation is carried out. According to all kinds of simulation vector diagram and distribution cloud diagram, the distribution of stress and displacement can be seen intuitively, and the mechanical and deformation characteristics of thin-walled parts are analyzed qualitatively. Secondly, the mechanical model of thin-walled parts bending under concentrated load is studied. According to various geometric boundary conditions satisfying the model, the expression of deflection function is calculated, and several main factors affecting deformation are established. 2. Based on the elastic properties of thin-walled parts and some main factors influencing the bending process, the paper introduces the T-S fuzzy control model and introduces four parameters: the change rate of the x axis step distance and the Y axis step distance change rate of the T-S fuzzy control model. The four parameters of the change rate of the X axis step distance and the Y axis step distance are taken as the input variables of the T-S fuzzy logic controller, and the correction of the numerical control interpolation value is taken as the output parameter of the fuzzy controller. Aiming at the particularity of CNC bending machine tool system, this paper only studies the arc interpolation algorithm of point by point comparison method used in control system. The drawing technology and display technology based on MFC are analyzed, and the algorithms of line picking, arc picking and ellipse rendering are studied. In view of the phenomenon that the inferior arc is drawn into its corresponding superior arc when drawing circular arc with large radius and small arc length, the causes of this phenomenon are analyzed in depth, and the corresponding solutions are put forward. The data structure of element interpolation and the relevant information of vector graph of element are designed, and the stored data structure is designed to realize the functions of picking up the element, interrupting the midpoint and breaking the boundary, etc. The special numerical control system developed in combination with the above research results has been tested by numerical control bending machine and applied in industrial field. It is shown that the phenomenon of long and short feet and the clamping and opening of two feet can be solved successfully when several N-type graph elements are processed continuously. The system realizes the functions of high speed, high precision and high stability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TP368.1;TG659

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