本文選題：相變存儲器 + 混合內(nèi)存��； 參考：《杭州電子科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了解決日益增長的主存能耗問題,以及滿足越來越高的主存容量需求,一種新型存儲技術(shù)相變存儲器(PCM,Phase Phase-Chage Memory)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。PCM具有字節(jié)可尋址,高存儲密度和低能耗的諸多優(yōu)勢,成為了動態(tài)隨機(jī)存取存儲器(DRAM,Dynamic Random Access Memory)的有力的替代技術(shù)。但是由于PCM的讀寫不對稱性以及有限的寫入壽命,PCM目前尚無法完全取代DRAM主存的位置。于是,同時使用兩種存儲技術(shù)的混合內(nèi)存架構(gòu),是當(dāng)前主要的研究方向。對于將DRAM和PCM作為同級主存的混合內(nèi)存架構(gòu)來說,面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)就是如何劃分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)。頁面劃分策略會直接影響到系統(tǒng)的平均訪存時間和PCM材料的壽命。目前,對于這種混合內(nèi)存架構(gòu)頁面劃分策略的研究,普遍采用先對頁面進(jìn)行簡單劃分,當(dāng)頁面表現(xiàn)出不符合預(yù)期的讀寫時,再將頁面通過遷移的方式遷至不同的存儲器中,來實現(xiàn)對讀寫操作分布的控制�；谶w移的劃分策略沒有考慮遷移操作本身的高成本以及遷移操作帶來的額外寫操作,這些遷移操作在很大程度上延長到了系統(tǒng)的平均訪存時間并帶來了額外的能量開銷。首先,本文介紹了混合內(nèi)存頁面劃分策略的研究背景、研究意義以及國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,并介紹了所涉及的混合架構(gòu)及仿真器的相關(guān)技術(shù)。其次,本文詳細(xì)分析了現(xiàn)有混合內(nèi)存劃分策略的優(yōu)點和缺點,并根據(jù)現(xiàn)有劃分策略具有問題,提出了基于虛擬頁訪存行為的混合內(nèi)存頁面劃分策略(Virtual Page Behavior based Page Management Policy for Hybrid Main Memory,VPBM)。通過模擬器在云端獲取頁面的訪存行為數(shù)據(jù),根據(jù)頁面的訪存行為數(shù)據(jù)來預(yù)測虛擬頁的訪存行為,對頁面直接進(jìn)行劃分。因為相同進(jìn)程虛擬頁訪存行為在多次運(yùn)行中是相似的,通過歷史的訪存行為數(shù)據(jù)來分配頁面,可以避免程序運(yùn)行過程中進(jìn)行頁面遷移,提升系統(tǒng)效率和降低訪存能耗,延長PCM壽命。然后,本文針對多核多進(jìn)程并發(fā)的環(huán)境下VBPM獲取訪存行為難度幾何倍數(shù)升高的問題,提出了一種通過單進(jìn)程訪存行為預(yù)測多進(jìn)程環(huán)境下訪存行為自適應(yīng)劃分策略。通過對頁面訪問頻率的預(yù)測,來決定多進(jìn)程環(huán)境下頁面劃分與搶占的策略。在仿真器獲取的訪存行為數(shù)據(jù)足夠多的前提下,根據(jù)頁面已訪問次數(shù)和預(yù)期訪問次數(shù)的差值,可以計算出訪問的偏差情況,根據(jù)預(yù)期訪問頻率計算后的結(jié)果與競爭頁面預(yù)期頻率的比較結(jié)果,來決定頁面的最終位置。這種自適應(yīng)劃分策略有效降低了多任務(wù)并發(fā)時模擬器仿真成本,提高了系統(tǒng)的整體效率。最后,本文對所做工作與重要貢獻(xiàn)做出了總結(jié),并對未來的工作方向做出了展望和規(guī)劃。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem of increasing main memory energy consumption and to meet the increasing demand of main memory capacity, a new storage technology, PCMN Phase Phase-Chage memory (PCM), emerges as the times require. PCM has the advantages of byte addressable, high storage density and low energy consumption. It has become a powerful alternative to dynamic Random Access memory (DRAM). However, due to the asymmetry of reading and writing in PCM and the limited write lifetime, PCM can not completely replace the main memory of DRAM. Therefore, the hybrid memory architecture with two storage technologies is the main research direction. For the hybrid memory architecture with DRAM and PCM as the same level main memory, the biggest challenge is how to divide the data. Page partitioning strategy will directly affect the average access time of the system and the lifetime of PCM materials. At present, for the research of page partitioning strategy of hybrid memory architecture, it is generally used to divide the pages simply first, and then move the pages to different memory by migration when the pages do not meet the expectations of reading and writing. To control the distribution of read and write operations. The partition strategy based on migration does not take into account the high cost of the migration operation itself and the additional write operation brought by the migration operation, which to a large extent extends to the average memory access time of the system and brings additional energy cost. Firstly, this paper introduces the research background, significance and research status of hybrid memory page partitioning strategy, and introduces the related technologies of hybrid architecture and simulator. Secondly, the advantages and disadvantages of the existing hybrid memory partitioning strategy are analyzed in detail, and according to the problems of the existing partitioning strategy, a virtual page behavior based hybrid memory page partitioning strategy is proposed. Through the simulator in the cloud to obtain the page access behavior data, according to the page access behavior data to predict the virtual page access behavior, the page is divided directly. Because the virtual page access behavior of the same process is similar in many operations, it can avoid the page migration, improve the system efficiency and reduce the energy consumption by distributing the page through the historical memory access behavior data. The life of PCM was prolonged. Then, in order to solve the problem of increasing the geometric multiple of VBPM access behavior in multi-core and multi-process concurrent environment, an adaptive partition strategy is proposed to predict the memory access behavior in multi-process environment by single-process memory access behavior. The strategy of page partitioning and preemption in multi-process environment is determined by predicting the frequency of page access. On the premise that the emulator acquires enough memory access behavior data, the deviation of access can be calculated according to the difference between the number of page visits and the expected number of visits. The final location of the page is determined by comparing the expected access frequency with the expected frequency of the competing page. This adaptive partition strategy can effectively reduce the simulation cost of multi-task concurrent simulator and improve the overall efficiency of the system. Finally, this paper summarizes the work done and important contributions, and makes a prospect and plan for the future work direction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP333

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本文編號：2049492