本文選題：動(dòng)態(tài)電壓調(diào)節(jié) + 低功耗　； 參考：《國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：提高計(jì)算系統(tǒng)效能是當(dāng)前高性能計(jì)算領(lǐng)域最為關(guān)注的問(wèn)題之一。系統(tǒng)的高功耗導(dǎo)致巨額的系統(tǒng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)費(fèi)用，增加了芯片制造成本，需要更高效的散熱技術(shù)，并且嚴(yán)重影響系統(tǒng)的可靠性和穩(wěn)定性。因此，高性能計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)需要研究低功耗優(yōu)化技術(shù)，解決日益嚴(yán)峻的功耗問(wèn)題。 動(dòng)態(tài)電壓調(diào)節(jié)（DVS）技術(shù)是目前微處理器普遍支持的一種低功耗技術(shù)，它以延長(zhǎng)執(zhí)行時(shí)間為代價(jià)來(lái)達(dá)到減少處理器等部件能耗的目的，但時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)將導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)其它部件的能耗上升，程序運(yùn)行的能耗的并不一定減小。對(duì)于高性能計(jì)算系統(tǒng)，由于其規(guī)模龐大、維護(hù)復(fù)雜，在計(jì)算任務(wù)完成后系統(tǒng)節(jié)點(diǎn)往往不會(huì)關(guān)閉電源或休眠，而是轉(zhuǎn)入空轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)，該狀態(tài)下的系統(tǒng)的功率仍然很高。 為對(duì)比DVS技術(shù)節(jié)能效果，針對(duì)高性能計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)存在空轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間的運(yùn)行特點(diǎn)，論文提出了考慮空轉(zhuǎn)能耗影響的系統(tǒng)能耗模型（SEM），，該模型不只考慮程序運(yùn)行時(shí)的能耗，而是考慮相同時(shí)間內(nèi)系統(tǒng)整體的能量消耗，其中包括了空轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)系統(tǒng)的能耗。在不同應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)上進(jìn)行能耗測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示，采用SEM更有利于對(duì)DVS技術(shù)的節(jié)能效果的評(píng)估。 基于SEM，論文提出了時(shí)間約束條件下的能耗優(yōu)化模型（EOM），該模型將程序看作由一系列區(qū)域組合而成，假定已知每個(gè)區(qū)域在不同頻率下的運(yùn)行時(shí)間和能耗，在滿(mǎn)足運(yùn)行時(shí)間限定的前提下，找到一個(gè)合適區(qū)域并將其以適當(dāng)頻率運(yùn)行來(lái)優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)的整體能耗。 對(duì)于把整個(gè)程序作為EOM模型中的唯一區(qū)域考慮的情況，論文將EOM模型進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化得到簡(jiǎn)單能耗優(yōu)化模型（SEOM），并且在不同應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)上實(shí)現(xiàn)了該模型。實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示，對(duì)于并行程序，SEOM最大能夠獲得16%的能耗節(jié)省。 對(duì)于把程序的函數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)和外層循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)作為EOM候選區(qū)域的情況，論文將EOM模型近似轉(zhuǎn)化為復(fù)雜能耗優(yōu)化模型（CEOM）。CEOM通過(guò)插樁的手段獲取程序各區(qū)域的運(yùn)行信息和植入DVS代碼，優(yōu)化程序運(yùn)行能耗。基于GCC編譯器實(shí)現(xiàn)了串行程序的CEOM，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示根據(jù)不同的時(shí)間約束條件和程序，CEOM可以獲得最大12%的系統(tǒng)能耗節(jié)省。
[Abstract]:Improving the efficiency of computing system is one of the most concerned problems in the field of high performance computing. The high power consumption of the system leads to the huge operating cost of the system, increases the cost of chip manufacturing, requires more efficient heat dissipation technology, and seriously affects the reliability and stability of the system. Therefore, high performance computer systems need to study low power optimization technology to solve the increasingly serious power problem. Dynamic Voltage regulator (DVS) is a kind of low power technology which is widely supported by microprocessors at present. It can reduce the energy consumption of processors and other components at the cost of extended execution time, but the time extension will lead to the increase of energy consumption of other components of the system. The energy consumption of the program does not necessarily decrease. For high performance computing system, because of its large scale and complex maintenance, the system nodes often do not turn off power supply or sleep after the calculation task is completed, but switch to idling state, and the power of system in this state is still very high. In order to compare the energy saving effect of DVS technology, aiming at the running characteristic of idle time in high performance computer system, a system energy consumption model considering the influence of idle energy consumption is put forward in this paper, which not only considers the energy consumption of program running. The overall energy consumption of the system at the same time is considered, including the energy consumption of the system when it is idling. The results of energy consumption test on different application systems show that SEM is more helpful to evaluate the energy saving effect of DVS technology. Based on SEM, an energy consumption optimization model with time constraints is proposed. The model considers the program as a series of regions, assuming that the operating time and energy consumption of each region is known at different frequencies. In order to optimize the overall energy consumption of the system, a suitable region is found and run at a suitable frequency under the premise of satisfying the operating time limit. For the case that the whole program is considered as the only region in the EOM model, the EOM model is simplified to obtain a simple energy consumption optimization model, and the model is implemented on different application systems. The experimental results show that for parallel program SEOM, the maximum energy saving is 16%. When the function structure and outer loop structure of the program are regarded as candidate areas of EOM, the EOM model is approximately transformed into a complex energy consumption optimization model, CEOMU. CEOM can obtain the operation information of each area of the program and implant DVS code by inserting piles. Optimize program running energy consumption. The serial program CEOM is implemented based on GCC compiler. The experimental results show that according to different time constraints and program CEOM, the maximum energy saving of the system can be obtained by 12%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP38

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條

1 胡定磊,陳書(shū)明;低功耗編譯技術(shù)綜述[J];電子學(xué)報(bào);2005年04期

2 張海軍;鄭艷;李中升;;基于編譯的低功耗技術(shù)研究[J];計(jì)算機(jī)工程與科學(xué);2009年S1期

3 易會(huì)戰(zhàn),楊學(xué)軍;有效的低功耗編譯優(yōu)化方法:部件使用局部化[J];軟件學(xué)報(bào);2004年10期

4 易會(huì)戰(zhàn),陳娟,楊學(xué)軍,劉U

本文編號(hào)：2026317