本文選題：可穿戴計(jì)算 + 慣性測量單元��； 參考：《南京郵電大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著微控制單元(Micro Control Unit,MCU)、微電子機(jī)械系統(tǒng)(Microelectromechanical Systems,MEMS)和無線傳感網(wǎng)(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)的快速發(fā)展,基于無線可穿戴設(shè)備的動作捕捉系統(tǒng)具有良好的應(yīng)用前景和巨大的商業(yè)價(jià)值。慣性測量單元(Inertial Measurement Unit,IMU)具有體積小、便于攜帶以及成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn),目前在醫(yī)療康復(fù)、老人監(jiān)護(hù)等重要領(lǐng)域已得到廣泛應(yīng)用。然而由于需要長時間運(yùn)行傳感節(jié)點(diǎn)和高頻高速率實(shí)時傳輸數(shù)據(jù)流等,基于慣性測量單元的動作捕捉系統(tǒng)存在能效低、續(xù)航能力弱等問題。針對上述問題,本文研究在低功耗約束環(huán)境下,結(jié)合情景感知技術(shù),探索可穿戴計(jì)算中基于慣性測量單元的動作捕捉系統(tǒng)的能效提高策略,并在無線可穿戴平臺Shimmer2R上對準(zhǔn)確率優(yōu)化和能耗降低方面進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。主要研究成果如下:(1)實(shí)現(xiàn)了腕戴式單傳感器動作捕捉系統(tǒng)。目前較為流行的動作捕捉系統(tǒng)采用的均是三軸加速度傳感器,現(xiàn)有的系統(tǒng)存在有線牽制、佩戴節(jié)點(diǎn)多、佩戴設(shè)備重等不足。針對當(dāng)前存在的問題,本文提出一種腕戴式運(yùn)動識別系統(tǒng),采用佩戴在實(shí)驗(yàn)者右手手腕上的單個慣性傳感器進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集。在不影響使用者日�；顒拥那疤嵯聺M足佩戴的舒適度,并且能夠達(dá)到較好的行為識別準(zhǔn)確率,同時降低系統(tǒng)的計(jì)算復(fù)雜度。(2)實(shí)現(xiàn)了人體運(yùn)動識別優(yōu)化算法,用于提高動作捕捉系統(tǒng)的能效。本文設(shè)計(jì)了適用于人體運(yùn)動識別分類模型的優(yōu)化算法,用于提高運(yùn)動識別系統(tǒng)的整體能效性。以往的算法中由于分類模型存在參數(shù)選定問題,默認(rèn)的參數(shù)值不能適應(yīng)不同個體的行動特點(diǎn)。本文提出對于不同的分類模型參數(shù)分別進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,針對不同個體的運(yùn)動習(xí)慣求得最佳參數(shù)組合,達(dá)到提升人體運(yùn)動識別的分類準(zhǔn)確率。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化算法能夠有效提高人體分類準(zhǔn)確率,分類準(zhǔn)確率最高可以達(dá)到98.59%。相比傳統(tǒng)分類器,分類準(zhǔn)確率最高可以提高26.05%。(3)提出了自適應(yīng)無線傳輸控制算法和多分類器融合的自適應(yīng)控制算法。動作捕捉系統(tǒng)所采用的無線可穿戴節(jié)點(diǎn)的能耗主要集中在無線傳輸通信模塊。高速實(shí)時的無線傳輸消耗了傳感節(jié)點(diǎn)大部分的能量。本文提出自適應(yīng)無線傳輸控制算法,結(jié)合情景感知技術(shù),對人體運(yùn)動數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理判斷,并能自適應(yīng)控制無線傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)量,可以有效的降低無線傳輸?shù)哪芎摹２⒃诖嘶A(chǔ)上,提出了多分類器融合的自適應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸控制。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,提出的自適應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸控制方法能夠在不降低分類準(zhǔn)確率的前提下,減少無線通信的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸量,數(shù)據(jù)傳輸削減量最高可達(dá)76.7%。通過此方法提高設(shè)備能效性和節(jié)點(diǎn)的續(xù)航能力,續(xù)航時間最高可延長73.38%。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of Micro Control Unit (MCU), Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMSs) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs), the motion capture system based on wireless wearable devices has a good application prospect and great commercial value. Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) has many advantages such as small size, easy to carry and low cost. At present, it has been widely used in many important fields, such as medical rehabilitation, care for the elderly and so on. However, due to the need of long time operation of sensor nodes and real-time transmission of high frequency and high speed data streams, the motion capture system based on inertial measurement unit has some problems, such as low energy efficiency and weak endurance. In order to solve the above problems, this paper studies the strategy of improving the energy efficiency of the motion capture system based on inertial measurement unit in wearable computing under low power constraints and scenario sensing technology. The accuracy optimization and energy consumption reduction are verified on Shimmer2R, a wireless wearable platform. The main research results are as follows: 1) the single sensor motion capture system is realized. At present, the popular motion capture system uses three-axis acceleration sensor, the existing system has some shortcomings, such as cable traction, wearing more nodes, wearing equipment weight, and so on. Aiming at the existing problems, this paper presents a motion recognition system based on wrist wearing, which uses a single inertial sensor which is worn on the right hand wrist of the experimenter to collect data. On the premise of not affecting the user's daily activities, it can satisfy the comfortable degree of wearing, and can achieve better accuracy of behavior recognition, and reduce the computational complexity of the system. At the same time, it realizes the optimization algorithm of human motion recognition. Used to improve the energy efficiency of motion capture systems. In this paper, an optimization algorithm suitable for classification model of human motion recognition is designed to improve the overall energy efficiency of motion recognition system. In the previous algorithms, because of the problem of parameter selection in the classification model, the default parameter values can not adapt to the behavior characteristics of different individuals. In this paper, the parameters of different classification models are optimized, and the best combination of parameters is obtained according to different individuals' movement habits, so as to improve the classification accuracy of human motion recognition. Experimental results show that the system optimization algorithm can effectively improve the accuracy of human classification, the highest classification accuracy can reach 98.5959. Compared with the traditional classifier, the classification accuracy can be improved by 26.05. (3) the adaptive wireless transmission control algorithm and the multi-classifier fusion adaptive control algorithm are proposed. The energy consumption of the wireless wearable nodes used in the motion capture system is mainly concentrated in the wireless transmission communication module. High-speed and real-time wireless transmission consumes most of the energy of sensor nodes. In this paper, an adaptive wireless transmission control algorithm is proposed, which can process and judge human motion data with scene sensing technology, and can adaptively control the amount of wireless transmission data, which can effectively reduce the energy consumption of wireless transmission. On this basis, a multi-classifier fusion adaptive data transmission control is proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed adaptive data transmission control method can reduce the amount of wireless communication data transmission without reducing the classification accuracy, and the maximum reduction amount of data transmission can be up to 76.7. By using this method, the energy efficiency of the equipment and the capacity of the node can be improved, and the maximum life span can be extended by 73.38.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP368.33

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本文編號：2007046