本文選題：實時嵌入式系統(tǒng) + 任務(wù)調(diào)度　； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著集成電路制造工藝的不斷進步,當(dāng)代微處理器芯片的尺寸已大幅縮小并且性能已大幅提高。這極大地促進了實時嵌入式系統(tǒng)在環(huán)境監(jiān)測、空間探測、工業(yè)過程控制、飛行管理與控制、金融政務(wù)、汽車電子、智能電器以及醫(yī)療器械等諸多關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用。但與此同時,微處理器芯片的晶體管數(shù)目和集成度也在持續(xù)增加,這使得微處理器受電磁干擾、瞬時電壓擾動、高能粒子撞擊等因素影響而產(chǎn)生瞬時故障的概率越來越高,從而導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)的可靠性下降。然而,高可靠性是保證上述諸多應(yīng)用成功運行的必然要求。因此,設(shè)計高可靠的實時嵌入式系統(tǒng)已成為必然趨勢�？煽啃则�(qū)動的實時任務(wù)調(diào)度機制是保證實時嵌入式系統(tǒng)高可靠性的重要手段,一直以來都是實時嵌入式系統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域的研究熱點。該機制通過利用回卷恢復(fù)、冗余以及提頻等技術(shù)來容忍已發(fā)生的瞬時故障或降低瞬時故障的發(fā)生率,從而提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性。但是,這些技術(shù)在提高可靠性的同時,也會帶來處理器能耗增大、最大完工時間延長而導(dǎo)致吞吐量下降、溫度升高而導(dǎo)致設(shè)備使用壽命縮短的問題。傳統(tǒng)的可靠性驅(qū)動實時任務(wù)調(diào)度機制常常忽視了這些問題。因此,本文綜合考慮上述問題,設(shè)計了新穎的可靠性驅(qū)動實時任務(wù)調(diào)度算法,在保證系統(tǒng)可靠性和實時性的前提下,優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)的能耗、最大完工時間、以及設(shè)備使用壽命。具體來說,1.本文首先解決了可靠性和峰值溫度約束下的能耗優(yōu)化問題,提出了單處理器和多處理器系統(tǒng)中可靠性驅(qū)動的低能耗實時任務(wù)調(diào)度機制。在單處理器系統(tǒng)的研究工作中,本文提出了一個故障自適應(yīng)因子并采用了檢查點技術(shù),以滿足系統(tǒng)的可靠性約束;提出了一個能量有效因子來確定每個任務(wù)的工作頻率,以最小化系統(tǒng)的能耗;提出了一種改進的熱感知任務(wù)排序技術(shù)來降低處理器的溫度,以滿足系統(tǒng)的峰值溫度約束。在多處理器系統(tǒng)的研究工作中,本文采用了所提的故障自適應(yīng)因子和檢查點技術(shù)以保證系統(tǒng)的可靠性,以及所提的熱感知任務(wù)排序技術(shù)以保證系統(tǒng)的峰值溫度約束;提出了一種動態(tài)能耗最優(yōu)的任務(wù)分配方案,并且基于該方案,設(shè)計了相應(yīng)的啟發(fā)式算法,以實現(xiàn)多處理器系統(tǒng)中可靠性和峰值溫度約束下的能耗優(yōu)化。2.本文然后解決了可靠性和峰值溫度約束下的最大完工時間優(yōu)化問題,提出了多處理器系統(tǒng)中可靠性驅(qū)動的高吞吐量(即最大完工時間短)實時任務(wù)調(diào)度機制。在此研究工作中,本文基于混合整數(shù)線性規(guī)劃方法,對多處理器系統(tǒng)最大完工時間的優(yōu)化問題進行建模和求解;考慮到混合整數(shù)線性規(guī)劃方法的不足,探索和分析了任務(wù)分配對最大完工時間、可靠性和峰值溫度的影響;基于分析結(jié)果,提出了一種啟發(fā)式的任務(wù)分配和調(diào)度算法,即利用調(diào)度長度均衡的任務(wù)分配、冗余技術(shù)、以及熱感知的任務(wù)排序和調(diào)頻技術(shù),以實現(xiàn)可靠性和峰值溫度約束下的最大完工時間優(yōu)化。3.本文最后解決了可靠性和設(shè)備使用壽命的統(tǒng)一優(yōu)化問題,提出了單處理器和多處理器系統(tǒng)中可靠性驅(qū)動的長使用壽命實時任務(wù)調(diào)度機制。在單處理器系統(tǒng)的研究工作中,本文提出了一種理論方法,用于計算瞬時故障對應(yīng)的平均無故障時間;基于該計算方法,將單處理系統(tǒng)可靠性和設(shè)備使用壽命的統(tǒng)一優(yōu)化問題轉(zhuǎn)換為單處理器系統(tǒng)可用時間的優(yōu)化問題,并設(shè)計了一個優(yōu)化單處理器系統(tǒng)可用時間的框架。在多處理器系統(tǒng)的研究工作中,本文也是將多處理系統(tǒng)可靠性和設(shè)備使用壽命的統(tǒng)一優(yōu)化問題轉(zhuǎn)換為多處理器系統(tǒng)可用時間的優(yōu)化問題,并設(shè)計了一個優(yōu)化多處理器系統(tǒng)可用時間的方案。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of integrated circuit manufacturing technology, the size of modern microprocessor chip has been greatly reduced and its performance has been greatly improved. This greatly promotes the real-time embedded systems in environmental monitoring, space detection, industrial process control, flight management and control, financial affairs, automotive electronics, intelligent electrical appliances and medical devices and so on. But at the same time, the number and integration of the transistors on the microprocessor chip are also increasing. This makes the microprocessor affected by the influence of electromagnetic interference, instantaneous voltage disturbance, high energy particle impact and so on. The probability of the instantaneous failure is increasing, which leads to the reliability decline of the system. However, the reliability of the system is high. It is an inevitable requirement to ensure the successful operation of these applications. Therefore, it is an inevitable trend to design a highly reliable and real-time embedded system. The real-time task scheduling mechanism driven by reliability is an important means to ensure the high reliability of the real-time embedded system. It has always been a hot spot in the field of real-time embedded systems. Using the technology of rollback recovery, redundancy and frequency extraction to tolerate the instantaneous faults or reduce the occurrence of instantaneous faults, thus improving the reliability of the system. However, these technologies can also increase the reliability of the system, and also bring the increase in the energy consumption of the processor, the maximum completion time, resulting in the decline in throughput and the increase of temperature. The traditional reliability driven real-time task scheduling mechanism often ignores these problems. Therefore, a novel reliability driven real-time task scheduling algorithm is designed to optimize the energy consumption and maximum completion time of the system under the premise of ensuring the reliability and real-time performance of the system. In particular, 1. this paper first solves the problem of energy consumption optimization under the constraints of reliability and peak temperature, and proposes a low energy real-time task scheduling mechanism for reliability driven in single and multiprocessor systems. In the research work of a single processor system, a fault adaptive factor is proposed and used in this paper. A checkpoint technique is used to satisfy the reliability constraints of the system. An energy efficient factor is proposed to determine the working frequency of each task to minimize the energy consumption of the system. An improved thermal sensing task sequencing technique is proposed to reduce the temperature of the processor to meet the peak temperature constraints of the system. In this paper, the proposed fault adaptive factor and checkpoint technique are adopted to ensure the reliability of the system, and the proposed thermal sensing task sequencing technology is used to guarantee the peak temperature constraints of the system. A task allocation scheme is proposed for the optimal dynamic energy consumption, and a corresponding heuristic algorithm is designed based on the scheme. The optimization of energy consumption under the constraints of reliability and peak temperature in current multiprocessor systems.2. this paper then solves the problem of maximum completion time optimization under the constraints of reliability and peak temperature, and proposes a real-time task scheduling mechanism for reliability driven high throughput (i.e., the maximum completion time) in a multiprocessor system. In this paper, a hybrid integer linear programming method is used to model and solve the optimization problem of the maximum completion time of a multiprocessor system. Considering the shortage of mixed integer linear programming, the effect of task allocation on the maximum completion time, reliability and peak temperature is explored and analyzed. Based on the analysis results, a heuristic is proposed. Task allocation and scheduling algorithm, that is, using scheduling length balanced task allocation, redundancy technology, and thermal sensing task sequencing and frequency modulation technology to achieve maximum completion time optimization under the constraints of reliability and peak temperature.3. this paper finally solves the unified optimization problem of reliability and service life of equipment, and proposes a single processor and a single processor. The long service life real-time task scheduling mechanism in a multiprocessor system. In the research work of the single processor system, a theoretical method is proposed to calculate the average fault time corresponding to the instantaneous fault. Based on this method, the unified optimization problem of the reliability of single processing system and the service life of the equipment is presented. In the research work of the multiprocessor system, this paper also transforms the unified optimization problem of the reliability of multi processing system and the service life of the device to the optimization problem of the time of the multiprocessor system. A scheme to optimize the available time of multiprocessor systems is designed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP332

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