本文選題：引導加載程序 + ARM9��； 參考：《華東理工大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：嵌入式系統(tǒng)開發(fā)中通常會涉及到各種各樣、形態(tài)各異的硬件處理器平臺,然而并不存在一個通用的引導加載程序(BootLoader)能夠正常工作在所有的處理器硬件平臺上,這是由于引導加載程序不具通用性而且完全依賴于特定的硬件平臺存在而決定的。引導加載程序作為最底層的軟件部分存在,在嵌入式設(shè)備正常啟動過程中起著非常重要的作用,是必不可少的。因此嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計開發(fā)的一個重點就是如何針對不同處理器開發(fā)出相應(yīng)引導加載程序,來確保系統(tǒng)能夠正常啟動并引導加載操作系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核和根文件系統(tǒng)。 本文的主要工作就是構(gòu)建項目中嵌入式無紙記錄儀VV軟件可靠性驗證平臺的引導加載程序,依據(jù)驗證平臺的具體硬件配置來設(shè)計和實現(xiàn)適合它的引導加載程序。通過該引導加載程序可以完成無紙記錄儀驗證平臺硬件環(huán)境和軟件環(huán)境的初始化、引導并加載特定于該平臺而裁剪定制的Linux內(nèi)核代碼和相應(yīng)的根文件系統(tǒng),以便最終能夠成功在驗證平臺上運行應(yīng)用層的軟件可靠性驗證程序。 本文中通過對BootLoader研究分析,概述了BootLoader相關(guān)的基本概念、框架結(jié)構(gòu)和主要功能,分析了它的啟動過程,給出了BootLoader與內(nèi)核的交互方式,并依據(jù)于項目中要求給出了驗證平臺引導加載程序的軟硬件環(huán)境的搭建過程,詳細的給出了系統(tǒng)交叉編譯工具鏈、NFS網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件系統(tǒng)、TFTP文件傳輸協(xié)議和串口終端程序的配置過程。 本文的主要實現(xiàn)方法是以U-boot這一典型的BootLoader為基礎(chǔ),首先在它的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)具備引導和加載Linux內(nèi)核、根文件系統(tǒng)功能的最基本的BootLoader,然后逐步增強它的擴展功能來實現(xiàn)更為強大復雜的功能。文中的主要擴展功能主要包括以下幾點：首先,驗證平臺啟動時BootLoader能夠自動識別平臺中Flash類型,即可以判斷啟動代碼是從Nand Flash還是Nor Flash中啟動的,增強了系統(tǒng)移植的靈活性；其次,增添了BootLoader對驗證平臺中DM9000網(wǎng)卡驅(qū)動程序的支持,使系統(tǒng)能夠通過TFTP網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議來傳輸文件,大大提高了平臺與宿主機之間傳輸文件的效率。最后,實現(xiàn)了BootLoader對Yaffs2文件系統(tǒng)鏡像文件燒寫功能的支持,使系統(tǒng)可以不必再通過JTAG接口來向無紙記錄儀驗證平臺中Flash存儲器燒錄數(shù)據(jù),而是直接通過BootLoader文件相關(guān)的操作命令來實現(xiàn)即可。 本文最終完成一個可以實現(xiàn)無紙記錄儀驗證平臺硬件和軟件環(huán)境初始化、引導加載操作系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核和根文件系統(tǒng)并支持系統(tǒng)啟動時自動識別系統(tǒng)Flash類型、支持DM9000網(wǎng)卡芯片和直接燒寫Yaffs2文件系統(tǒng)鏡像文件的BootLoader。
[Abstract]:Embedded system development usually involves a variety of hardware processor platforms, but there is no universal boot loader that works on all processor hardware platforms. This is due to the fact that the boot loader is not universal and completely dependent on the existence of a particular hardware platform. Bootloader, as the lowest part of software, plays a very important role in the normal startup of embedded devices. Therefore, one of the key points in the design and development of embedded system is how to develop the corresponding boot loader for different processors to ensure that the system can start and boot the operating system kernel and root file system normally. The main work of this paper is to construct the boot loader of VV software reliability verification platform in the project, and to design and implement the boot loading program suitable for VV software reliability verification platform according to the specific hardware configuration of the verification platform. Through the bootloader, we can initialize the hardware and software environment of the paperless recorder verification platform, boot and load the customized Linux kernel code and the corresponding root file system. Finally, the software reliability verification program of application layer can be successfully run on the verification platform. Through the research and analysis of BootLoader, this paper summarizes the basic concepts, framework structure and main functions of BootLoader, analyzes its startup process, and gives the way of interaction between BootLoader and kernel. According to the requirements of the project, the software and hardware environment of the boot loading program of the verification platform is built, and the configuration process of the system cross-compiling tool chain NFS network file system TFTP file transfer protocol and serial port terminal program is given in detail. The main implementation method of this paper is based on U-boot, which is a typical BootLoader. Firstly, we design and implement a boot and load Linux kernel based on U-boot. Root file system features the most basic Boot Loader. then step by step enhance its extended function to achieve more powerful and complex functions. The main functions of this paper include the following: firstly, the BootLoader can automatically identify the Flash type in the platform when the platform starts, that is to say, it can judge whether the startup code is started from Nand Flash or Nor Flash, which enhances the flexibility of system migration; Secondly, the support of BootLoader to the DM9000 network card driver in the verification platform is added, which enables the system to transfer files through the TFTP network protocol, and greatly improves the efficiency of file transfer between the platform and the host computer. Finally, the support of BootLoader to the Yaffs2 file system image file burning function is realized, so that the system can burn the data to the Flash memory in the paperless recorder verification platform without the need of the JTAG interface. But directly through the BootLoader file related to the operation command to achieve. In this paper, we can realize the initialization of hardware and software environment of paperless recorder verification platform, boot and load the operating system kernel and root file system, and support the automatic recognition of system Flash type when the system starts. Support DM9000 network card chip and directly burn Yaffs2 file system image file Boot Loader.
【學位授予單位】：華東理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TP368.1

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