本文選題：FPGA　切入點(diǎn)：Nios　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前應(yīng)用于農(nóng)林業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)采集方面的便攜式儀器的flash較小，常采用擴(kuò)展硬件的方法來滿足存儲(chǔ)的需求，但擴(kuò)展硬件的方法降低了硬件的通用性且不利于掉電數(shù)據(jù)的保護(hù)。本論文在對國內(nèi)外市場和電子設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)用的各種U盤讀寫器分析的基礎(chǔ)上，提出將FPGA和CH376芯片相結(jié)合的研究方案，旨在研究一種應(yīng)用于存儲(chǔ)大容量野外農(nóng)林業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)的便攜式儀器，并將其作為低功耗采集儀器的一個(gè)外設(shè)。 研制成功的U盤讀寫器以FPGA作為核心控制器，由串口模塊、USB接口模塊、A/D采集模塊、程序存儲(chǔ)模塊和其它模塊組成。串口模塊主要用來實(shí)現(xiàn)串口數(shù)據(jù)的接收，接收的數(shù)據(jù)通過USB接口模塊寫入U(xiǎn)盤；USB接口模塊通過控制U盤讀寫芯片CH376完成對U盤的讀寫；A/D采集模塊通過對A/D芯片TLC549的控制實(shí)現(xiàn)模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換并采集數(shù)字信號(hào)；程序存儲(chǔ)模塊包括SDRAM和flash，主要用來存儲(chǔ)啟動(dòng)代碼、加載程序等；其它模塊中JTAG實(shí)現(xiàn)程序的在線調(diào)試和下載運(yùn)行；電源模塊滿足整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的供電需求。通過整合各個(gè)模塊并以Quartus Ⅱ和Nios Ⅱ EDS為平臺(tái)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對串口數(shù)據(jù)的U盤讀寫，并具有A/D轉(zhuǎn)換的功能。論文取得的主要成果如下： （1）在研究分析目前國內(nèi)外U盤讀寫器的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，，確定了本文所實(shí)現(xiàn)儀器的研制方案和思路。 （2）在對異步通信數(shù)據(jù)幀格式和串口接收/發(fā)送時(shí)序仔細(xì)研究的基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)計(jì)了串口通信控制模塊。通過仿真測試，基本功能正常，最后將設(shè)計(jì)的硬件控制接口內(nèi)嵌在FPGA內(nèi)部，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對串口芯片MAX3232的控制。 （3）通過參考CH376芯片的數(shù)據(jù)手冊，編寫出了控制該芯片所需的初始化函數(shù)、發(fā)送命令函數(shù)、讀寫數(shù)據(jù)函數(shù)以及延時(shí)函數(shù)等。并在對Nios Ⅱ自帶的API函數(shù)深入了解的基礎(chǔ)上完成了對整個(gè)USB接口模塊的程序設(shè)計(jì)。 （4）分析了A/D芯片TLC549和Avalon-MM從機(jī)接口的控制時(shí)序，采用三段式狀態(tài)機(jī)編寫Verilog硬件語言程序，完成了對實(shí)現(xiàn)A/D轉(zhuǎn)換功能的硬件控制接口的設(shè)計(jì)，并在此基礎(chǔ)上生成了實(shí)現(xiàn)A/D轉(zhuǎn)換功能的接口控制器組件。 （5）將各個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)部分進(jìn)行整合，加入系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行所需的其它IP核，通過SOPC Builder工具，完成了整個(gè)硬件系統(tǒng)的搭建和生成，并進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行多次的時(shí)序約束，使得硬件系統(tǒng)的時(shí)序?qū)崿F(xiàn)了收斂，為軟件的開發(fā)提供了基礎(chǔ)。 （6）以硬件系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ)，在Nios Ⅱ EDS環(huán)境下，實(shí)現(xiàn)了控制各個(gè)模塊的軟件程序的編寫、調(diào)試和運(yùn)行功能。完成了電路板的制作，通過實(shí)驗(yàn)調(diào)試，研制成功了一種可供在野外無交流電條件下可以大容量存儲(chǔ)農(nóng)林業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)的便攜式儀器。
[Abstract]:At present, the flash of portable instruments used in agricultural and forestry data acquisition is relatively small, and the extended hardware method is often used to meet the storage needs. However, the method of extending hardware reduces the generality of the hardware and is not conducive to the protection of power-down data. In this paper, based on the analysis of all kinds of U disk readers used in domestic and foreign markets and electronic design, A research scheme combining FPGA and CH376 chips is proposed to study a portable instrument for storing large capacity field agricultural and forestry data and to use it as a peripheral device for low power acquisition instruments. The developed U disk reader uses FPGA as the core controller, which is composed of serial port module, FPGA interface module, program storage module and other modules. The serial port module is mainly used to receive serial port data. The received data is written into the USB disk by the USB interface module. Through the control of CH376, the data acquisition module realizes the ADC conversion and the acquisition of digital signals by controlling the TLC549 of the A / D chip. The program storage module includes SDRAM and flash, which are mainly used to store startup code, load program and so on. The power supply module meets the power demand of the whole system. By integrating each module and using Quartus 鈪

本文編號(hào)：1685055