本文選題：近似算法　切入點(diǎn)：輕量型電路運(yùn)算單元　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：低功耗數(shù)字電路設(shè)計(jì)是大規(guī)模數(shù)字電路系統(tǒng)中研究的重要方向。由于無線傳感網(wǎng)和智能移動設(shè)備的不斷發(fā)展,針對其算法日益增多,隨之帶來的是其計(jì)算復(fù)雜度的不斷攀升。尤其在散熱成本以及電池容量受限制的今天,研究高效率、低功耗的硬件專用計(jì)算電路成為當(dāng)前重要課題。通過近似計(jì)算降低功耗和電路面積是近年來學(xué)術(shù)界提出的一種新的電路設(shè)計(jì)思想,其允許硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)時舍棄原有精確型運(yùn)算規(guī)則,設(shè)計(jì)出輕量型電路運(yùn)算結(jié)構(gòu),從而達(dá)到降低運(yùn)算面積和功耗的目的。乘、除法器是最常用的基本運(yùn)算電路,幾乎所有的算法都離不開乘、除法運(yùn)算。但是傳統(tǒng)乘、除法器結(jié)構(gòu)已不能滿足當(dāng)前高效率計(jì)算對資源和能耗的要求。因此,本文針對該問題結(jié)合近似算法思想獨(dú)立完成對傳統(tǒng)型乘法器的輕量型改進(jìn),同時提出了基于SRT算法的輕量型運(yùn)算電路設(shè)計(jì)。第一,由于乘法器和除法器通常采用加法移位結(jié)構(gòu)來實(shí)現(xiàn),所以本文通過研究當(dāng)前存在的加法運(yùn)算結(jié)構(gòu),實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種輕量型加法運(yùn)算結(jié)構(gòu),提高了加法運(yùn)算速度。第二,在分析傳統(tǒng)乘法運(yùn)算結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)上,對傳統(tǒng)采用的4-2壓縮器結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行輕量化改進(jìn),減少了部分積相加所耗時間,降低了資源消耗。第三,通過分析傳統(tǒng)SRT除法運(yùn)算規(guī)則,結(jié)合進(jìn)位保留加法器延時小的特點(diǎn),根據(jù)逐漸截斷進(jìn)位鏈的思想,提出了一種輕量型除法運(yùn)算結(jié)構(gòu)。該種輕量型除法器設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)能夠最大限度的節(jié)省資源消耗,提高電路運(yùn)算速度。第四,為驗(yàn)證輕量型運(yùn)算效果,本文設(shè)計(jì)了基于輕量化運(yùn)算單元的直方圖均衡圖像增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng),并與精確型運(yùn)算結(jié)果對比。結(jié)果表明輕量型運(yùn)算單元有效的改善了系統(tǒng)的速度、面積、頻率、功耗等性能。
[Abstract]:Low-power digital circuit design is an important research direction in large-scale digital circuit system. Due to the continuous development of wireless sensor network and intelligent mobile devices, the number of algorithms is increasing day by day. The resulting increase in computational complexity, especially at a time when the cost of heat dissipation and the capacity of the battery are limited, is highly efficient. Low-power hardware dedicated computing circuit has become an important subject at present. Reducing power consumption and circuit area by approximate calculation is a new design idea proposed by academic circles in recent years, which allows the hardware implementation to abandon the original precise operation rules. The operation structure of light weight circuit is designed to reduce the operation area and power consumption. Multiplication and divider are the most commonly used basic operation circuits. Almost all algorithms are inseparable from multiplication and division operation. The structure of divider can no longer meet the requirement of resource and energy consumption for high efficiency calculation. Therefore, the light weight improvement of traditional multiplier is accomplished independently in this paper, combined with the idea of approximate algorithm. At the same time, the design of lightweight operation circuit based on SRT algorithm is proposed. Firstly, because multiplier and divider are usually implemented by adding shift structure, this paper studies the existing addition operation structure. A lightweight addition operation structure is implemented, which improves the speed of addition operation. Secondly, on the basis of analyzing the traditional multiplication operation structure, the traditional 4-2 compressor structure is improved in light weight, which reduces the time consumed by the partial product addition. Third, by analyzing the traditional SRT division operation rules, combining with the characteristics of small delay of carry reserved adder, according to the idea of gradually truncating carry chain, In this paper, a light weight division operation structure is proposed. The design structure of the light weight divider can save resource consumption to the maximum extent and improve the circuit operation speed. Fourth, in order to verify the effect of light weight operation, In this paper, a histogram equalization image enhancement system based on lightweight operation unit is designed and compared with the results of accurate operation. The results show that the lightweight unit can effectively improve the performance of the system, such as speed, area, frequency, power consumption and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TN791;TP342.2

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