本文選題：桌面虛擬化　切入點(diǎn)：虛擬機(jī)　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著市場(chǎng)對(duì)綠色計(jì)算和IT管理成本的關(guān)注,桌面虛擬化已成為學(xué)術(shù)界和工業(yè)界關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn),是云計(jì)算領(lǐng)域中繼服務(wù)器虛擬化之后又一新的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。桌面虛擬化技術(shù)是虛擬化成熟度最高的綠色、高效能計(jì)算模型。領(lǐng)先的市場(chǎng)研究公司GARTNER預(yù)測(cè),全球桌面虛擬化市場(chǎng)規(guī)模在2012年將達(dá)到25億美金,到2014年將達(dá)到100億美金,并且把桌面虛擬化作為排名第一的未來戰(zhàn)略技術(shù)。據(jù)《中國(guó)云計(jì)算發(fā)展白皮書》的估算,中國(guó)的桌面虛擬化市場(chǎng)在2014年將達(dá)50億元人民幣,并且每年以30%的速度增長(zhǎng)。 傳統(tǒng)上,不管是產(chǎn)業(yè)界還是學(xué)術(shù)界都將桌面虛擬化作為服務(wù)器虛擬化的一種擴(kuò)展。認(rèn)為在服務(wù)器虛擬層之上增加了桌面供應(yīng)、連接代理、桌面管理、桌面宿主服務(wù)器等部件就可提供虛擬桌面服務(wù)。桌面的供應(yīng)是通過調(diào)用底層服務(wù)器虛擬化接口實(shí)現(xiàn)。CITRIX的XENDESKTOP和VMWARE公司的VEIW產(chǎn)品均屬于這種技術(shù)。這類技術(shù)最大的特點(diǎn)就是必須要依賴于底層的服務(wù)器虛擬化平臺(tái)支撐。這類技術(shù)及產(chǎn)品平臺(tái)適合于大型數(shù)據(jù)中心的部署,對(duì)內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)要求較高,一般需要高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)支持,需要昂貴的共享存儲(chǔ)部件實(shí)現(xiàn)高可用性、桌面動(dòng)態(tài)供應(yīng)等特性。因此,其存在的問題在于：(1)服務(wù)器虛擬化適合于CPU密集型的應(yīng)用,而桌面負(fù)載屬于10密集型應(yīng)用,因此這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能提高虛擬桌面應(yīng)用的模式；(2)對(duì)配套的軟硬件、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、存儲(chǔ)要求較高,要達(dá)到與服務(wù)器虛擬化平臺(tái)相似的部署要求；(3)成本過高,由于對(duì)配套設(shè)施要求較高,產(chǎn)生的采購(gòu)費(fèi)用、管理費(fèi)用、維護(hù)費(fèi)用高昂,是傳統(tǒng)PC成本的8倍,投資回報(bào)期一般為5-8年；(4)管理復(fù)雜,管理與運(yùn)維中涉及的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域過多,需要管理人員精通共享存儲(chǔ)、桌面管理、高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)、服務(wù)器虛擬化等專業(yè)知識(shí)。 本課題是從桌面虛擬化的技術(shù)與性能、成本、可達(dá)性、復(fù)雜度四個(gè)方面尋找一個(gè)最優(yōu)平衡點(diǎn)作為研究的基本出發(fā)點(diǎn)。成本是指虛擬桌面的采購(gòu)成本要接近甚至低于現(xiàn)有的PC；可達(dá)性是指能夠在已有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境和硬件資源上部署,而不需要重新規(guī)劃基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施；復(fù)雜度是指整個(gè)桌面虛擬系統(tǒng)能夠易于部署、管理與維護(hù)、沒有太多的分離的部件。本論文中要達(dá)到以下研究目標(biāo)：(1)實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單而又高效的桌面管理機(jī)制。實(shí)現(xiàn)一套管理簡(jiǎn)單、可自動(dòng)化交付與應(yīng)用更新的桌面管理機(jī)制；實(shí)現(xiàn)能夠?qū)Υ罅孔烂嫦到y(tǒng)短時(shí)間內(nèi)的按計(jì)劃更新和交付需求,能夠在單一管理界面進(jìn)行桌面系統(tǒng)相關(guān)的調(diào)度、備份以及恢復(fù)等操作；(2)支持基于廉價(jià)硬件、存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)和普通以太網(wǎng)的架構(gòu)。系統(tǒng)對(duì)硬件、存儲(chǔ)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的要求要最小化不需要數(shù)據(jù)中心級(jí)的部署要求,能夠直接運(yùn)行在普通的服務(wù)器硬件之上；支持直接附加存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)(DAS)和普通的以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)；(3)實(shí)現(xiàn)桌面服務(wù)器節(jié)點(diǎn)的彈性擴(kuò)展和高可用性。簡(jiǎn)化虛擬桌面服務(wù)組件,單個(gè)桌面服務(wù)器節(jié)點(diǎn)可獨(dú)立交付桌面服務(wù)而無需復(fù)雜的組件支持；支持桌面服務(wù)器節(jié)點(diǎn)的線性彈性擴(kuò)展,交付服務(wù)可支持中小型企業(yè)的按需擴(kuò)展；(4)實(shí)現(xiàn)按需桌面動(dòng)態(tài)交付特性。桌面服務(wù)可動(dòng)態(tài)按需交付,自動(dòng)配置與生成定制化的桌面系統(tǒng)；支持不同桌面調(diào)度策略,可同時(shí)批量更新上千臺(tái)桌面系統(tǒng)。 針對(duì)上述要達(dá)到的研究目標(biāo),本文的第三章中通過對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的桌面系統(tǒng)部署與管理、生命周期進(jìn)行分析后,結(jié)合虛擬環(huán)境中桌面系統(tǒng)部署與管理的特點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)了虛擬環(huán)境中桌面鏡像管理的生命周期,并以此作為研究的基礎(chǔ)提出了虛擬環(huán)境中的鏡像管理機(jī)制以及虛擬桌面的刷新策略。通過上述機(jī)制和策略,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)虛擬桌面系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行批量更新,大大減少系統(tǒng)管理員在維護(hù)桌面系統(tǒng)上花費(fèi)的時(shí)間和精力。 為了實(shí)現(xiàn)桌面鏡像快速克隆與實(shí)例化的需求,本文第四章提出了一種桌面系統(tǒng)遠(yuǎn)程存儲(chǔ)接入機(jī)制。首先對(duì)桌面系統(tǒng)用戶數(shù)據(jù)的訪問行為進(jìn)行了為期一周的跟蹤并對(duì)訪問模式進(jìn)行了分析,提出了一種適合在低速網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中數(shù)據(jù)接入機(jī)制--LAZING-CACHING。通過該機(jī)制,可以有效的將桌面鏡像中的操作系統(tǒng)與用戶數(shù)據(jù)分離。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明這種方式在一定的程度上增加了鏡像文件的靈活性,傳輸效率較高,并且極大的節(jié)省了存儲(chǔ)空間。 虛擬桌面系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)感知是實(shí)現(xiàn)虛擬桌面資源精確、按需交付的前提條件。第五章系統(tǒng)地介紹了虛擬環(huán)境中依賴資源的感知策略與模式,并分別針對(duì)虛擬機(jī)服務(wù)器、DOMAINU、桌面系統(tǒng)三種關(guān)鍵資源提出了相應(yīng)的運(yùn)行時(shí)感知方法和技術(shù)。 第六章提出了一種基于廉價(jià)存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備DAS的分布式文件系統(tǒng)虛擬機(jī)技術(shù),該技術(shù)是通過在基于NFS的分布式文件系統(tǒng)中使用代理的模式加速桌面鏡像在低速存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備的傳輸而實(shí)現(xiàn)的。通過該技術(shù)可以將普通的DAS存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)通過以太網(wǎng)組成一個(gè)高速、可靠、按需擴(kuò)展的桌面鏡像存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)。 第七章的虛擬桌面系統(tǒng)是最為核心的部分,是虛擬桌面系統(tǒng)在網(wǎng)格環(huán)境中動(dòng)態(tài)按需交付的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)。這在一章中重點(diǎn)介紹了DESKTOPGRID、DESKTOPPLANT、DESKTOPAGENT等組成部件及實(shí)現(xiàn)原理。
[Abstract]:With the market focus on green IT calculation and cost management, desktop virtualization has become the focus of attention of academia and industry, is after the cloud computing relay server virtualization is a new technology innovation. Desktop virtualization technology is a green virtual maturity is the highest, high performance computing leading market model. Research firm GARTNER predicts that the Global Desktop Virtualization market size in 2012 will reach $2 billion 500 million by 2014 will reach $10 billion, and the desktop virtualization as ranked first in the future strategic technology. According to the < Chinese estimation of cloud computing development white paper >, desktop virtualization Chinese market will reach 5 billion yuan in 2014, and the annual growth rate of 30%.
Traditionally, whether industry or academia are desktop virtualization as an extension of server virtualization. In server virtual layer increases the desktop supply connection proxy, desktop management, desktop host server and other components can provide a virtual desktop service. The desktop is supplied through calls to the underlying server virtualization interface.CITRIX XENDESKTOP and VMWARE VEIW products belong to this technology. The server virtualization platform is the biggest characteristic of this kind of technology must rely on the underlying support. This kind of technology and product platform for the deployment of large data centers, higher requirements for the internal network, generally require high-speed network support, the need for expensive sharing the storage component to achieve high availability, dynamic characteristics of desktop supply. Therefore, in the existing problems: (1) the server virtualization is suitable for dense CPU The type of application, which belongs to the 10 desktop load intensive applications, so this structure can improve the virtual desktop application mode; (2) hardware and software supporting the network, storage requirements higher, to achieve similar server virtualization platform deployment requirements; (3) the cost is too high, due to the high demands of the facilities the cost of procurement, production, management costs, maintenance costs, the cost is 8 times the traditional PC, the investment return period is generally 5-8 years; (4) the management of complex, too much involved in the professional field of management and maintenance, managers are required to master shared storage, desktop management, high-speed network, server virtualization etc. professional knowledge.
This subject is from the technology and performance, desktop virtualization cost, accessibility, the complexity of the four aspects to find an optimal balance point as the basic starting point of the study. The cost refers to the purchase cost of the virtual desktop to be close to or even lower than the existing PC; accessibility refers to the deployment in the existing network environment and hardware resources, without the need for re planning of infrastructure; complexity refers to the entire desktop virtual system can ease of deployment, management and maintenance, not too much separation of components. In this paper, to achieve the following objectives: (1) to achieve a simple and efficient desktop management mechanism. To achieve a simple management, can automatic delivery and application of updated desktop management mechanism; to achieve a short time a large number of desktop systems within the planned update and delivery requirements, to desktop system related scheduling in a single management interface, preparation Copy and recovery operation; (2) based on inexpensive hardware, storage system and ordinary Ethernet architecture. The system of hardware, storage and network requirements to minimize unwanted data center deployment requirements, can be directly run on ordinary server hardware support; direct attached storage system (DAS) and ordinary Ethernet network system; (3) the elastic expansion and high desktop server nodes use. Virtual desktop service component, a single desktop server node can independently deliver desktop services without complicated component support; linear elastic support desktop server node expansion, delivery service can support small and medium enterprises (on-demand expansion; 4) to achieve on-demand dynamic desktop delivery characteristics. Desktop service dynamic on-demand delivery system, desktop automatic configuration and generate customized desktop support; different scheduling strategy can be. At the same time, batch updates of thousands of desktop systems.
According to the above research objectives to be achieved, through the deployment and management of traditional desktop system in the third chapter, life cycle analysis, combining the characteristics of Virtual Desktop Deployment and management design of the desktop image management in the virtual environment of the life cycle, and as the basis of the study put forward the refresh strategy of virtual environment in the image management mechanism and virtual desktop. Through these mechanisms and strategies can be achieved in a short time on the virtual desktop system for batch updates, greatly reduce the system administrator in the maintenance of desktop system on time and energy.
In order to realize the rapid cloning and instantiation of the desktop image, the fourth chapter of this paper presents a remote memory access mechanism of desktop system. Firstly the desktop user data access for a week on the track and access mode are analyzed, put forward a kind of suitable in the low network environment through the data access mechanism of --LAZING-CACHING. this mechanism can effectively separate the operating system desktop image and user data. Experimental results show that this method increases the flexibility of the image file to a certain extent, high transmission efficiency, and greatly saves storage space.
Dynamic perception of virtual desktop virtual desktop resources is accurate, according to the condition of delivery. The fifth chapter systematically introduces perception strategy and model of resource dependence in the virtual environment, and respectively for the virtual machine server, DOMAINU desktop system, three key resources and put forward the corresponding operation sensing method and technology.
The sixth chapter presents a virtual machine technology, distributed file system, low-cost storage devices based on DAS, the technology is adopted in the distributed file system based on NFS using agent model to accelerate the desktop image transmission in low-speed storage device and achieve. The technology can DAS storage system by ordinary Ethernet to form a high speed, reliable, according to the desktop image storage system needs to be extended.
The seventh chapter of the virtual desktop system is the core part. It is the design and implementation of virtual desktop system's dynamic on-demand delivery in grid environment. In this chapter, the components and implementation principles of DESKTOPGRID, DESKTOPPLANT and DESKTOPAGENT are mainly introduced.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：TP302

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