【摘要】：膜技術(shù)是在二十一世紀(jì)的一項(xiàng)新興技術(shù),已被廣泛應(yīng)用于許多領(lǐng)域,其中在水處理中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值尤為明顯。盡管膜分離技術(shù)作為一種快速、高效、實(shí)用的技術(shù)被應(yīng)用于不同水質(zhì)條件和不同需求的水污染處理過程中,但因其功能單一、易受污染,從而制約膜分離技術(shù)的更廣泛應(yīng)用和深入推廣。因此,深入研究膜污染,開發(fā)具有多功能的新型膜分離技術(shù)已成為研制、開發(fā)、應(yīng)用和推廣膜工業(yè)的前沿發(fā)展方向。(1)通過選取三種材質(zhì)超濾膜(PVDF、PES和PAN)對(duì)地表微污染水進(jìn)行處理,研究處理效果并分析三種膜的膜污染發(fā)現(xiàn),三種材質(zhì)超濾膜(PVDF、PES和PAN)單純處理地表微污染水時(shí),處理效果不好,當(dāng)投加PAC后,PAC-UF組合工藝對(duì)地表微污染水有良好的處理效果。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),濾餅層阻力及膜孔內(nèi)部阻力在膜污染阻力中占有重要地位；PVDF相比于PES和PAN有更好的抗污染性能。(2)通過選取三種不同孔徑的PVDF超濾膜,同樣處理地表微污染水,研究處理效果并分析三種不同孔徑的PVDF超濾膜的膜污染發(fā)現(xiàn),地表微污染水中顆粒大小不一,50nm為一個(gè)臨界點(diǎn)；孔徑越小,處理效果越好,通量下降的越慢。(3)分析膜污染的影響因素開發(fā)出新型分離膜,解決催化過程中催化劑流失及重復(fù)利用問題,將光催化技術(shù)和膜分離聯(lián)用,研究光催化和膜分離聯(lián)用的協(xié)同作用機(jī)理。采用膜孔填充的方式制備Ti02和Si02介孔膜,改變PVDF超濾膜膜孔徑和膜親疏水性。使用合成好的MSM/MTM結(jié)合UV照射凈化敵敵畏、毒死蜱和乙酰甲胺磷三種有機(jī)磷農(nóng)藥,研究三種農(nóng)藥凈化效果的同時(shí),分析Ti02和Si02介孔膜的膜污染行為和抗污染性能,研究催化氧化和膜過濾協(xié)同作用的原理。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,MTM填充了介孔Ti02提升了對(duì)農(nóng)藥的催化氧化性能并且介孔材料的填充對(duì)MTM的過濾分離性能沒有影響。光化學(xué)反應(yīng)和Ti02催化的協(xié)同作用將有機(jī)污染物礦化,提升了污染物的去除效果,減小了跨膜壓差,同時(shí)減緩了膜污染。這些優(yōu)勢有助于MTM在水處理中的應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:Membrane technology is a new technology in 21 century, which has been widely used in many fields, especially in water treatment. Although membrane separation technology has been applied to water pollution treatment under different water quality conditions and requirements as a fast, efficient and practical technology, it is easy to be polluted because of its single function. Therefore, the application and popularization of membrane separation technology are restricted. Therefore, the research of membrane fouling and the development of new membrane separation technology with multi-function have become the frontier development direction of research, development, application and popularization of membrane industry. (1) by selecting three kinds of material ultrafiltration membrane (PVDF,) PES and PAN were used to treat the surface micro-polluted water. The results of study and analysis of membrane fouling of three kinds of membrane showed that the treatment effect of three kinds of ultrafiltration membrane (PVDF,PES and PAN) was not good when the surface micro-polluted water was treated simply, and when PAC was added, The combined process of PAC-UF has good treatment effect on surface micro-polluted water. The results show that the filter cake layer resistance and membrane hole internal resistance play an important role in membrane fouling resistance. Compared with PES and PAN, PVDF has better anti-fouling performance. (2) by selecting three kinds of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes with different pore sizes, the surface micro-polluted water is also treated, the treatment effect is studied and the membrane fouling of three kinds of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes with different pore sizes is analyzed. The particle size of surface micro-polluted water is different, and 50nm is a critical point. The smaller the pore size, the better the treatment effect and the slower the flux decrease. (3) A new separation membrane is developed by analyzing the influencing factors of membrane fouling, which solves the problem of catalyst loss and reuse in the catalytic process, and combines photocatalytic technology with membrane separation. The synergistic mechanism of photocatalysis and membrane separation was studied. Ti02 and Si02 mesoporous membranes were prepared by filling the membrane pore to change the pore size and hydrophobicity of PVDF ultrafiltration membrane. Three organophosphorus pesticides, dichlorvos, chlorpyrifos and acephate, were purified by using synthetic MSM/MTM combined with UV irradiation. The membrane fouling behavior and antifouling properties of Ti02 and Si02 mesoporous membranes were analyzed while the purifying effects of the three pesticides were studied. The principle of synergistic effect of catalytic oxidation and membrane filtration was studied. The experimental results show that the mesoporous Ti02 filled with MTM improves the catalytic oxidation of pesticides and the mesoporous material has no effect on the filtration and separation performance of MTM. The synergistic effect of photochemical reaction and Ti02 can mineralize the organic pollutants, improve the removal efficiency of pollutants, reduce the pressure difference across the membrane, and reduce the membrane fouling at the same time. These advantages contribute to the application of MTM in water treatment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ051.893

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本文編號(hào)：2370208