【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代機(jī)械工業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展,陶瓷球軸承作為機(jī)械設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)零部件,廣泛應(yīng)用于航空航天、精密機(jī)械、國(guó)防科技等領(lǐng)域。因此,對(duì)于高精度陶瓷球滾動(dòng)體的數(shù)量需求及質(zhì)量要求也越來(lái)越高。建立一個(gè)完善而有效的高精度陶瓷球質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)體系十分必要。為進(jìn)一步研究高精度陶瓷球的性能評(píng)價(jià)方法,本文以氮化硅陶瓷球?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象,主要在材料性能、幾何形狀精度及表面質(zhì)量三個(gè)方面深入研究了球體的質(zhì)量檢測(cè)方法,球體的摩擦磨損性能,及球體加工工藝與球體質(zhì)量的關(guān)系。在陶瓷球檢測(cè)方法方面,重點(diǎn)研究球體振動(dòng)值檢測(cè)。采用BVT-1A球體振動(dòng)測(cè)量?jī)x,進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)研究分析,初步規(guī)定G5級(jí)Φ4.763的氮化硅陶瓷球低頻振動(dòng)值不大于13μm/s,高頻振動(dòng)值不大于16μm/s;當(dāng)表面存在缺陷時(shí),振動(dòng)值會(huì)異常變大;波紋度主要影響高頻振動(dòng)值,圓度主要影響低頻振動(dòng)值,粗糙度值的影響可忽略不計(jì),驗(yàn)證了通過(guò)振動(dòng)值分頻測(cè)量快速了解陶瓷球表面幾何質(zhì)量的可行性。在陶瓷球的摩擦磨損性能方面,介紹了球軸承的摩擦來(lái)源以及其失效形式,高精度球體研磨技術(shù),并以雙自轉(zhuǎn)研磨技術(shù)為例進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析;參照四球法,采用單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)分析壓力、轉(zhuǎn)速、磨料粒度、濃度對(duì)加工中陶瓷球摩擦系數(shù)的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)高精度球體加工研磨盤(pán)的最佳轉(zhuǎn)速為5rpm~15rpm;磨料濃度不宜過(guò)高或過(guò)低,過(guò)低會(huì)導(dǎo)致粘著磨損,而濃度為4%wt和7%wt時(shí),摩擦系數(shù)接近,磨損量基本都隨著磨料濃度的增大而增大;磨料粒度增大,摩擦系數(shù)也增大,為保證陶瓷球的表面質(zhì)量,盡量選用粒度小的磨料;研磨壓力不能過(guò)小,實(shí)驗(yàn)中載荷小于100N時(shí),摩擦系數(shù)不穩(wěn)定;而載荷過(guò)大、轉(zhuǎn)速過(guò)高,均會(huì)使陶瓷球表面在周期性載荷作用下出現(xiàn)疲勞磨損。為了解陶瓷球的加工工藝對(duì)陶瓷球表面質(zhì)量的影響,研究了加工過(guò)程中研磨介質(zhì)和研磨參數(shù)對(duì)表面質(zhì)量的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)相比于碳化硼磨粒,氧化鋁和碳化硅磨粒作用下的陶瓷球表面形狀精度更高;研磨壓力增大,球體表面粗糙度值增大,但幅度不明顯;研磨時(shí)間并不是越長(zhǎng)越好,需結(jié)合具體條件進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究分析得到;詳細(xì)介紹和分析了球體的表面缺陷,包括氣孔缺陷、夾雜物、雪花缺陷、裂紋缺陷、劃傷及擦傷、凹坑缺陷六類(lèi),并進(jìn)一步分析了其對(duì)軸承失效的影響,體現(xiàn)了陶瓷球表面質(zhì)量對(duì)軸承使用的重要性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern mechanical industry, ceramic ball bearings, as basic parts of machinery and equipment, are widely used in aerospace, precision machinery, national defense science and technology and other fields. Therefore, the demand for the quantity and quality of high precision ceramic ball rolling body is more and more high. It is necessary to establish a perfect and effective quality evaluation system for ceramic balls. In order to further study the performance evaluation method of high precision ceramic ball, this paper takes silicon nitride ceramic ball as the research object, mainly in three aspects of material performance, geometric shape precision and surface quality. The friction and wear properties of the ball, and the relationship between the ball processing technology and the ball mass. In the ceramic ball detection method, the focus is on the ball vibration detection. The low frequency vibration value of silicon nitride ceramic ball of grade G5 桅 4.763 is not more than 13 渭 m / s and the high frequency vibration value is not more than 16 渭 m / s by using BVT-1A ball vibration measuring instrument. When there is a defect on the surface, the vibration value will increase abnormally. The ripple degree mainly affects the high frequency vibration value, the roundness mainly affects the low frequency vibration value, and the influence of roughness value is negligible. The feasibility of quickly understanding the geometric quality of ceramic ball surface by frequency division measurement of vibration value is verified. In the aspect of friction and wear performance of ceramic ball, the friction source of ball bearing and its failure form, high precision ball grinding technology are introduced, and the kinematics analysis of double rotation grinding technology is carried out. Referring to the four-ball method, the effects of pressure, rotational speed, abrasive particle size and concentration on the friction coefficient of ceramic ball in machining were analyzed by single factor experiment. It was found that the best rotational speed of high precision ball grinding disk was 5rpmM ~ 15rpm; The abrasive concentration should not be too high or too low, too low will lead to adhesive wear. When the concentration is 4%wt and 7%wt, the friction coefficient is close, and the wear amount increases with the increase of abrasive concentration. In order to ensure the surface quality of ceramic ball, the abrasive with small particle size should be used as far as possible, and the friction coefficient is unstable when the load is less than 100N. However, if the load is too large and the rotational speed is too high, fatigue wear will occur on the surface of ceramic ball under periodic load. In order to understand the effect of machining technology of ceramic ball on surface quality of ceramic ball, the effects of grinding medium and grinding parameters on surface quality of ceramic ball were studied. The surface shape accuracy of ceramic ball under the action of alumina and silicon carbide abrasive particles is higher. When the grinding pressure increases, the surface roughness value of the ball increases, but the amplitude is not obvious. The longer the grinding time is, the better the grinding time is. The surface defects of the ball, including blowhole defects, inclusions, snowflake defects, crack defects, scratches and scratches, and pit defects are introduced and analyzed in detail, and the influence of the defects on bearing failure is further analyzed. The importance of the surface quality of ceramic ball to the use of bearing is demonstrated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TQ174.1

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