【摘要】：微生物燃料電池(Microbial fuel cells, MFCs)是一種可以將有機(jī)物的化學(xué)能直接轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的新型技術(shù)。重金屬離子對(duì)MFCs的產(chǎn)電性能具有重要影響,例如對(duì)陽(yáng)極產(chǎn)電微生物的毒性作用,對(duì)陽(yáng)極過(guò)程的促進(jìn)作用,以及參與陰極過(guò)程等。本文研究了MFCs型生物毒性傳感器對(duì)含汞廢水生物毒性的檢測(cè)方法,研究了銅離子和鎳離子在微生物燃料電池陽(yáng)極中遷移、轉(zhuǎn)化和去除等過(guò)程。MFCs型生物毒性傳感器可以作為水質(zhì)安全事故的預(yù)警裝置,本文利用MFCs型生物毒性傳感器對(duì)含汞廢水的生物毒性進(jìn)行檢測(cè),結(jié)果表明：汞離子濃度與MFCs輸出電壓的抑制率成正相關(guān),相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.9776；當(dāng)外電阻為25-35Ω時(shí),最低檢測(cè)限為0.5mg/L,最大抑制率為21.74%。外電阻越小,MFCs檢測(cè)生物毒性的靈敏度也越高,響應(yīng)時(shí)間越短,檢測(cè)限越小；然而,外電阻太小,則不利于MFCs的長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。分析認(rèn)為,MFCs生物毒性檢測(cè)器檢測(cè)生物毒性時(shí),最佳外電阻選擇范圍為0.5 R內(nèi)-0.7 R內(nèi)。以銅離子(Cu~(~(2+))/Cu標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電位為+0.34 V)為研究對(duì)象,研究了銅離子在MFCs陽(yáng)極對(duì)產(chǎn)電性能的影響,其形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化、遷移及去除機(jī)制。當(dāng)銅離子濃度低于19.44 mg/L時(shí),MFCs輸出電壓高于空白組,結(jié)果表明低濃度銅離子可以促進(jìn)MFCs的產(chǎn)電性能。當(dāng)銅離子濃度在20～100 mg/L時(shí),產(chǎn)電性能開(kāi)始下降,但MFCs輸出電壓穩(wěn)定在0.5 V以上。銅元素質(zhì)量分布研究結(jié)果表明,15-21%的銅離子在生物膜上形成銅單質(zhì),60～75%的銅離子與溶液中的硫離子和磷酸鹽生成硫化銅和磷酸銅沉淀；銅離子在MFCs的陽(yáng)極被去除,幾乎沒(méi)有遷移到陰極室。還原生成的銅單質(zhì)加強(qiáng)了電子傳遞而提高了MFCs的產(chǎn)電性能。銅離子的去除機(jī)理主要為生物吸附和化學(xué)沉淀。以鎳離子(Ni~(2+)/Ni標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電極電位為-0.23 V)為研究對(duì)象,研究了其在MFCs中陽(yáng)極的行為,包括去除效率,產(chǎn)電性能,遷移和分布。結(jié)果表明：鎳離子也可以通過(guò)MFCs的陽(yáng)極去除。在鎳離子濃度為2.93-8.80 mg/L時(shí),可促進(jìn)MFCs的電壓輸出；在鎳離子濃度為2.93～58.67 mg/L時(shí),外電阻為5000Ω時(shí),MFCs的輸出電壓穩(wěn)定在0.6 V以上；鎳離子的去除機(jī)理主要為化學(xué)沉淀過(guò)程(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)高達(dá)為93%),包括陽(yáng)極沉淀比例為75.5%,陰極沉淀比例為15.0%左右。
[Abstract]:Microbial fuel cell (Microbial fuel cells, MFCs) is a new technology which can directly convert the chemical energy of organic matter into electric energy. Heavy metal ions have important effects on the electrical properties of MFCs, such as toxicity to anodic electroproducing microorganisms, promotion of anodic processes, and participation in cathodic processes. In this paper, the method of detecting the biological toxicity of mercury-containing wastewater by MFCs biosensor was studied, and the migration of copper and nickel ions in the anode of microbial fuel cell was studied. MFCs biosensor can be used as an early warning device for water quality safety accidents. In this paper, the biotoxicity of mercury-containing wastewater was detected by MFCs biosensor. The results show that there is a positive correlation between mercury ion concentration and the inhibition rate of MFCs output voltage, and the correlation coefficient is 0.9776; When the external resistance is 25-35 惟, the minimum detection limit is 0.5 mg / L, and the maximum inhibition rate is 21.74. The smaller the external resistance, the higher the sensitivity of MFCs in detecting biotoxicity, the shorter the response time and the smaller the detection limit. However, if the external resistance is too small, it is not conducive to the long-term stable operation of MFCs. It is concluded that the optimal range of external resistances for the detection of biotoxicity by MFCs biotoxicity detector is within 0. 5R-0. 7R. The effect of copper ion (Cu~ (2) / Cu standard electrode potential of 0.34V) on the electrical properties of MFCs anode and its morphology transformation, migration and removal mechanism were studied. When the concentration of Cu ~ (2 +) is below 19.44 mg/L, the output voltage of MFCs is higher than that of the blank group. The results show that the low concentration of Cu ~ (2 +) can promote the electrical properties of MFCs. When the concentration of copper ion is 20 ~ 100 mg/L, the electrical properties begin to decrease, but the output voltage of MFCs is more than 0.5 V. The results of mass distribution of copper elements show that 15-21% copper ions form copper elements on biofilm, and 6075% copper ions form copper sulphide and copper phosphate precipitates with sulfur ions and phosphates in solution. Copper ions were removed from the anode of MFCs and hardly migrated to the cathode chamber. The reduced copper increases the electron transfer and improves the electrical properties of MFCs. The removal mechanism of copper ion is mainly biosorption and chemical precipitation. The anode behavior of nickel ion (Ni~ (2) / Ni standard electrode potential of -0.23 V) in MFCs was studied, including removal efficiency, electrical properties, migration and distribution. The results show that nickel ion can also be removed by anode of MFCs. When the concentration of nickel ion is 2.93-8.80 mg/L, the output voltage of MFCs can be promoted, and the output voltage of MFCs is more than 0.6 V when the concentration of nickel ion is 2.93 mg/L and the external resistance is 5000 惟. The removal mechanism of nickel ion is mainly chemical precipitation process (mass fraction as high as 93%), including anodic precipitation ratio of 75.5% and cathodic precipitation ratio of 15.0%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X703;TM911.45

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