發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-16 20:16

【摘要】：硅酸鈣板的主要成分是硅酸鹽水合物,具有強(qiáng)度高、導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)低、使用溫度高、隔音隔熱效果好、使用安全等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。硅酸鈣板應(yīng)用十分廣泛,室內(nèi)主要用于隔墻、吊頂、天花板、寫字樓的防火墻和地面鋪設(shè)等；室外主要用作外墻掛板和外墻貼面。但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中硅酸鈣板常常表現(xiàn)為破損率高、表面平整度差、易產(chǎn)生裂縫和起皮、吸水率過高,吸水后板材強(qiáng)度急劇下降,導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)急劇升高,最終導(dǎo)致硅酸鈣板的耐久性下降。因此對(duì)于提高硅酸鈣板的性能極為迫切。本文采用二氧化硅、熟石灰和水泥為原材料,經(jīng)過常壓凝膠預(yù)備反應(yīng)和蒸壓養(yǎng)護(hù)后生成硅酸鈣水合物。研究了原材料中Ca/Si比和水熱反應(yīng)的溫度時(shí)間等因素對(duì)合成產(chǎn)物的組成以及對(duì)硅酸鈣板的彎曲強(qiáng)度的影響；同時(shí)比較了玻璃纖維和巖棉纖維在硅酸鈣體系中的耐腐蝕性能和耐腐蝕機(jī)理；最后研究了紙纖維和巖棉纖維在硅酸鈣板體系中的纖維增強(qiáng)效果,得到以下結(jié)論：(1)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了不同Ca/Si、水熱反應(yīng)溫度和時(shí)間下對(duì)生成物組成的影響,通過XRD、 IR和TG-DSC對(duì)生成物進(jìn)行測(cè)試分析得到：當(dāng)Ca/Si為0.83、水熱反應(yīng)溫度和時(shí)間分別為180-C和8h時(shí),生成托貝莫來石型硅酸鈣水合物,并且養(yǎng)護(hù)溫度越高以及時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),生成的托貝莫來石型硅酸鈣水合物越多,彎曲強(qiáng)度也越高,最高可達(dá)到16MPa。(2)在溫度為80℃的飽和石灰水溶液中加速老化12天后,玻璃纖維的表面基本被腐蝕,呈鱗狀,其質(zhì)量損失達(dá)到22%,而巖棉纖維表面幾乎沒有被腐蝕的痕跡,質(zhì)量基本保持不變。在溫度為180℃的飽和石灰水溶液中,在水熱條件下腐蝕20h,玻璃纖維表面形成一層可以脫去的殼層,而其他幾種巖棉表面被腐蝕的形貌各有不同,主要表現(xiàn)為生成了某種物質(zhì)附著在纖維表面。得到巖棉纖維在堿性溶液中的腐蝕機(jī)理是溶液中的氫氧根離子與纖維中的陽離子反應(yīng)生成了其他的物質(zhì),導(dǎo)致纖維內(nèi)部的網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)遭到了破壞。(3)當(dāng)硅酸鈣板中紙纖維含量在0-8%范圍內(nèi),隨著紙纖維含量的增加,板材的強(qiáng)度逐漸降低,而板材的韌性越好；當(dāng)加入0-8%的巖棉纖維時(shí),隨著巖棉纖維的含量的增加,板材強(qiáng)度先是增加后下降,板材始終呈脆性斷裂。然而當(dāng)紙纖維和巖棉纖維含量均為4%時(shí),板材強(qiáng)度最高,可達(dá)到16MPa,其抗凍融性能也較好。
[Abstract]:The main component of calcium silicate plate is silicate hydrate, which has the advantages of high strength, low thermal conductivity, high temperature, sound insulation and safety. Calcium silicate board is widely used in indoor, mainly used for partition wall, ceiling, office building firewall and floor laying, etc. Outdoor is mainly used as external wall hanging board and external wall veneer. However, in practical application, calcium silicate plates are often characterized by high breakage rate, poor surface smoothness, easy to produce cracks and peeling, high water absorption rate, sharp decrease of plate strength after water absorption, and sharp increase of thermal conductivity. Finally, the durability of calcium silicate plate is decreased. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the performance of calcium silicate plate. In this paper, silica, hydrated lime and cement were used as raw materials to form calcium silicate hydrate after preparation reaction and autoclaved curing under atmospheric pressure gel. The effects of the ratio of Ca/Si in raw materials and the temperature and time of hydrothermal reaction on the composition of the synthesized products and the bending strength of calcium silicate plates were studied. At the same time, the corrosion resistance and mechanism of glass fiber and rock cotton fiber in calcium silicate system were compared. Finally, the fiber reinforcement effect of paper fiber and rock cotton fiber in calcium silicate plate system was studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the effects of different hydrothermal reaction temperature and time of Ca/Si, on the composition of the product are studied experimentally. The results of XRD, IR and TG-DSC analysis show that when the Ca/Si is 0.83, the hydrothermal reaction temperature and time are 180-C and 8h, respectively. The higher the curing temperature and the longer the curing time, the more Tobiamurite calcium silicate hydrates are formed and the higher the bending strength is, Up to 16 MPA 路(2) after 12 days of accelerated aging in saturated lime solution at 80 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2275522