【摘要】：高壓小空間中的大流量液體霧化問題是工業(yè)實(shí)踐提出的需求�？偨Y(jié)分析了關(guān)于液體霧化的經(jīng)典理論和常用霧化方法,提出了同種液體雙(多)股射流撞擊霧化的設(shè)想,對其性能進(jìn)行了研究分析,進(jìn)而在工業(yè)裝置中予以驗(yàn)證。實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)值模擬表明,增加壓力或降低氣液質(zhì)量流量比可以提高內(nèi)混式氣體輔助霧化噴嘴的出力,但噴嘴的霧化性能隨之惡化。借鑒固體擋槽霧化和外混式氣體輔助霧化的工作原理,提出了雙(多)股同種射流的液-液撞擊霧化噴嘴概念,利用簡化模型數(shù)值模擬驗(yàn)證了該設(shè)想的可行性,進(jìn)而詳細(xì)分析了其噴嘴的工作原理和結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,并進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,射流撞擊具有良好的霧化效果;流量系數(shù)均在0.55~0.8范圍內(nèi),與噴孔的長徑比有關(guān)。條件霧化角100α隨著出力的增大略有上升;霧化角的大小跟射流夾角密切相關(guān),與孔徑關(guān)聯(lián)不大;射流數(shù)量的增加有使霧化角下降的趨勢。雙(多)股射流的液-液撞擊霧化噴嘴隨著射流夾角的減小,霧化液滴平均直徑dsmd增大,均勻系數(shù)m減小。隨著同點(diǎn)撞擊射流數(shù)量的增加,霧化液滴平均直徑dsmd有所增大,均勻系數(shù)m減小。霧化孔徑的增加有使液滴平均粒徑增大的趨勢,但影響不太顯著。進(jìn)而建立了物理模型,理論分析結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的數(shù)據(jù)具有較好的一致性。利用雙股射流撞擊霧化,可以通過組合來實(shí)現(xiàn)小空間內(nèi)大流量液體霧化,提出了基于雙(多)股射流撞擊霧化噴嘴的設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則。分析了壓力對霧化的影響,將實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果外推到高壓條件下,在壓力為20.0MPa的甲銨冷凝器的混合器上和水溶液全循環(huán)法尿素工藝的合成塔中對基于雙股射流撞擊霧化噴嘴的組合結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)和霧化效果進(jìn)行了工業(yè)驗(yàn)證,使用效果反映出本文開發(fā)的基于多股射流撞擊霧化噴嘴的良好性能。在此過程中,整理提出了20.0MPa情況下的NH3 CO2系統(tǒng)相圖,建立了尿素合成系統(tǒng)模型,計(jì)算結(jié)果與實(shí)際運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)非常吻合。
[Abstract]:The problem of large flow liquid atomization in high pressure and small space is the requirement of industrial practice. The classical theory and common atomization methods of liquid atomization are summarized and analyzed. The assumption of the same liquid double (multi-strand) jet impingement atomization is put forward, and its performance is studied and analyzed, which is verified in the industrial plant. The experiment and numerical simulation show that increasing the pressure or decreasing the mass flow ratio of gas and liquid can increase the output force of the gas assisted atomizing nozzle, but the atomization performance of the nozzle will deteriorate. The concept of liquid-liquid impingement atomizing nozzle with double (multiple) strands of the same jet was proposed by referring to the working principle of solid baffle atomization and external mixed gas-assisted atomization, and the feasibility of the idea was verified by numerical simulation of simplified model. Then, the working principle and structure realization method of the nozzle are analyzed in detail, and the systematic experimental research is carried out. The experimental results show that the jet impingement has a good atomization effect, and the flow coefficient is in the range of 0.55 ~ 0.8, which is related to the ratio of length to diameter of the jet hole. The atomization angle 100 偽 increases slightly with the increase of the output force, the atomization angle is closely related to the jet angle and has little relation with the aperture, and the increase of the number of jets has the tendency of decreasing the atomization angle. With the decrease of the jet angle, the average diameter of droplet dsmd increases and the uniform coefficient m decreases for the liquid-liquid impingement atomizing nozzle with double (multiple) jets. With the increase of the number of impinging jets at the same point, the average diameter dsmd of atomized droplets increases and the uniformity coefficient m decreases. The increase of atomization pore size tends to increase the average particle size of droplets, but the effect is not obvious. Furthermore, the physical model is established, and the theoretical analysis results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The large flow liquid atomization in small space can be realized by the combination of double jet impingement atomization. The design criterion based on double (multiple) jet impingement atomizing nozzle is proposed. The influence of pressure on atomization is analyzed, and the experimental results are extrapolated to high pressure conditions. In the mixer of ammonium methylammonium condenser with pressure of 20.0MPa and in the synthesis tower of urea process with aqueous solution, the realization of the combined structure and the atomization effect based on the two-strand jet impinging atomizing nozzle were carried out. The effect reflects the good performance of the multi-jet impingement atomizing nozzle developed in this paper. In this process, the phase diagram of NH3 / CO2 system under 20.0MPa is presented, and the urea synthesis system model is established. The calculated results are in good agreement with the actual operation data.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ027.32

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