水泥基泡沫材料的制備與性能優(yōu)化
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-18 15:01
【摘要】：隨著我國墻體材料改革與建筑節(jié)能政策的強(qiáng)制實(shí)施,推動了建筑保溫材料的快速發(fā)展。傳統(tǒng)有機(jī)保溫隔熱材料雖然隔熱性能好、質(zhì)輕和價(jià)格便宜,但是易燃,且燃燒生成有毒氣體等缺陷,使得建筑節(jié)能和防火之間的矛盾不斷加劇。作為理想的替代品,無機(jī)發(fā)泡絕熱材料因其安全性高的突出優(yōu)點(diǎn)而倍受青睞。但目前用于外墻的無機(jī)發(fā)泡絕熱材料仍存在著容重大,易吸水,而且導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)偏大等問題。因此,制備出一種低導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)、憎水、輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)等綜合性能優(yōu)異且制備工藝簡單的無機(jī)泡沫絕熱材料是解決這一矛盾的有效途徑。本研究采用實(shí)驗(yàn)測試與理論分析相結(jié)合的研究方法,運(yùn)用單因素與多因素控制變量法分別確定了發(fā)泡劑種類及摻量、水灰比、穩(wěn)泡劑等外加劑,然后針對不同發(fā)泡工藝進(jìn)行了探索,最終在適合的發(fā)泡工藝下制備了水泥基泡沫絕熱材料,并對制品的強(qiáng)度、表觀密度、孔隙率、吸水率、導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)等宏觀物理力學(xué)性能參數(shù)進(jìn)行了測定,同時(shí)借助SEM與Image-Pro plus (IPP)圖像處理分析軟件表征了材料內(nèi)部孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)特征。成功制備出了干表觀密度214kg/m3、吸水率約8%、抗壓強(qiáng)度0.23MPa、導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)約0.049W/(m K)等綜合性能良好的水泥基泡沫絕熱材料。完成的主要研究工作如下下:(1)通過對發(fā)泡劑起泡能力和泡沫穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行測試與比較,篩選出適合的發(fā)泡劑;并在分析比較物理發(fā)泡和化學(xué)發(fā)泡工藝制備水泥基泡沫材料優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,采用了物理化學(xué)復(fù)合發(fā)泡工藝制備輕質(zhì)水泥基泡沫材料的新方法,最后對不同發(fā)泡工藝下的孔結(jié)構(gòu)特征與材料性能進(jìn)行了對比分析。結(jié)果表明:采用物理發(fā)泡工藝制備的泡沫材料綜合性能最優(yōu)。(2)加入羥丙基甲基纖維素醚(HPMC)作為穩(wěn)泡劑以及選擇合理水灰比等措施對該材料孔結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行調(diào)控,使材料內(nèi)部孔結(jié)構(gòu)得到改善,并具有良好的保溫性能與力學(xué)性能。(3)在已有配合比的基礎(chǔ)上通過加入不同摻量的納米Ti02和石墨粉,利用其具有對紅外熱反射的功能特性,達(dá)到降低材料導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)的目的。研究表明:在納米Ti02與石墨粉摻量分別為0.5%, 1.0%時(shí),保溫材料導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)值分別為0.048 lW/(m·K),0.0433W/(m·K),具有優(yōu)異的熱工性能。(4)依據(jù)聚合物苯丙乳液與乳膠粉遇水具有成膜的特性,可形成微孔內(nèi)壁覆膜的封閉孔隙構(gòu)造,對泡沫保溫材料進(jìn)行憎水改性研究。結(jié)果表明:在兩者固含量相同時(shí),乳膠粉對材料性能的改善效果要優(yōu)于苯丙乳液,在大幅降低材料吸水性能的同時(shí)還提高了材料的力學(xué)性能。(5)利用短切聚丙烯纖維可增強(qiáng)與水泥基體的機(jī)械嚙合力對材料力學(xué)性能進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,并通過落球沖擊試驗(yàn)表征材料韌性的提高程度。同時(shí)對摻入纖維后孔結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)特征等參數(shù)進(jìn)行了測試與分析,并探討了微觀孔結(jié)構(gòu)對其宏觀性能的影響,接著對不同性能之間的相互關(guān)系進(jìn)行了線性擬合分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)他們之間具有一定線性相關(guān)性。
[Abstract]:With the reform of wall materials and the enforcement of building energy conservation policy in China, the rapid development of building insulation materials has been promoted. Although the traditional organic thermal insulation material has good thermal insulation performance, light weight and low price, it is flammable and burns to produce toxic gas, which makes the contradiction between building energy saving and fire prevention becoming more and more serious. As an ideal substitute, inorganic foam insulation materials are favored for their high safety. However, the inorganic foaming insulation materials used in exterior walls still have some problems, such as large capacity, easy water absorption and large thermal conductivity. Therefore, it is an effective way to solve this contradiction to prepare a kind of inorganic foam adiabatic material with excellent comprehensive properties such as low thermal conductivity, hydrophobicity, light weight and high strength and simple preparation process. In this study, the experimental test and theoretical analysis were used to determine the type and amount of foaming agent, water-cement ratio, foaming stabilizer and other admixtures, respectively, by using single factor and multi-factor control variable method. Finally, the cement-based foam insulation materials were prepared under the suitable foaming technology, and the strength, apparent density, porosity, water absorption of the products were investigated. The macroscopic physical and mechanical properties such as thermal conductivity were measured and the pore structure characteristics of the material were characterized by SEM and Image-Pro plus (IPP) image processing software. Cement-based foam insulation materials with a dry apparent density of 214kg / m3, water absorption of about 8, compressive strength of 0.23 MPa and thermal conductivity of about 0.049W/ (m K) were successfully prepared. The main research work is as follows: (1) by testing and comparing the foaming ability and foam stability of foaming agent, the suitable foaming agent is selected. On the basis of analyzing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of physical foaming and chemical foaming to prepare cement-based foam materials, a new method of preparing lightweight cement-based foam materials by physical-chemical composite foaming process is presented. Finally, the pore structure and material properties of different foaming processes were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the synthetic properties of the foamed materials prepared by physical foaming process were optimal. (2) adding hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) as foam stabilizer and selecting reasonable water-cement ratio to adjust the pore structure of the foams. The internal pore structure of the material is improved, and it has good thermal insulation and mechanical properties. (3) on the basis of the existing mix ratio, the functional properties of infrared heat reflection are obtained by adding nano-sized Ti02 and graphite powder with different amounts. To reduce the thermal conductivity of the material. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material is 0.048 lW/ (m K) / L 0.0433W / (m K), when the content of nano-scale Ti02 and graphitic powder is 0.5 and 1.0 respectively. (4) according to the characteristics of film formation of polymer styrene-acrylic emulsion and latex powder in water, The sealing pore structure of micropore inner wall covered with film can be formed, and the hydrophobic modification of foam insulation material is studied. The results show that when the solid content of the two is the same, the improvement effect of latex powder on material properties is better than that of styrene-acrylic emulsion. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the materials are greatly reduced. (5) the mechanical properties of the materials can be optimized by the mechanical meshing force between the short cut polypropylene fiber and the cement base body. The toughness of the material was characterized by impact test. At the same time, the parameters such as the morphological characteristics of the rear pore structure of the doped fiber are tested and analyzed, and the influence of the micropore structure on the macroscopic properties is discussed, and then the linear fitting analysis of the relationship between the different properties is carried out. It is found that there is a certain linear correlation between them.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU528
本文編號：2248283
[Abstract]:With the reform of wall materials and the enforcement of building energy conservation policy in China, the rapid development of building insulation materials has been promoted. Although the traditional organic thermal insulation material has good thermal insulation performance, light weight and low price, it is flammable and burns to produce toxic gas, which makes the contradiction between building energy saving and fire prevention becoming more and more serious. As an ideal substitute, inorganic foam insulation materials are favored for their high safety. However, the inorganic foaming insulation materials used in exterior walls still have some problems, such as large capacity, easy water absorption and large thermal conductivity. Therefore, it is an effective way to solve this contradiction to prepare a kind of inorganic foam adiabatic material with excellent comprehensive properties such as low thermal conductivity, hydrophobicity, light weight and high strength and simple preparation process. In this study, the experimental test and theoretical analysis were used to determine the type and amount of foaming agent, water-cement ratio, foaming stabilizer and other admixtures, respectively, by using single factor and multi-factor control variable method. Finally, the cement-based foam insulation materials were prepared under the suitable foaming technology, and the strength, apparent density, porosity, water absorption of the products were investigated. The macroscopic physical and mechanical properties such as thermal conductivity were measured and the pore structure characteristics of the material were characterized by SEM and Image-Pro plus (IPP) image processing software. Cement-based foam insulation materials with a dry apparent density of 214kg / m3, water absorption of about 8, compressive strength of 0.23 MPa and thermal conductivity of about 0.049W/ (m K) were successfully prepared. The main research work is as follows: (1) by testing and comparing the foaming ability and foam stability of foaming agent, the suitable foaming agent is selected. On the basis of analyzing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of physical foaming and chemical foaming to prepare cement-based foam materials, a new method of preparing lightweight cement-based foam materials by physical-chemical composite foaming process is presented. Finally, the pore structure and material properties of different foaming processes were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the synthetic properties of the foamed materials prepared by physical foaming process were optimal. (2) adding hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) as foam stabilizer and selecting reasonable water-cement ratio to adjust the pore structure of the foams. The internal pore structure of the material is improved, and it has good thermal insulation and mechanical properties. (3) on the basis of the existing mix ratio, the functional properties of infrared heat reflection are obtained by adding nano-sized Ti02 and graphite powder with different amounts. To reduce the thermal conductivity of the material. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material is 0.048 lW/ (m K) / L 0.0433W / (m K), when the content of nano-scale Ti02 and graphitic powder is 0.5 and 1.0 respectively. (4) according to the characteristics of film formation of polymer styrene-acrylic emulsion and latex powder in water, The sealing pore structure of micropore inner wall covered with film can be formed, and the hydrophobic modification of foam insulation material is studied. The results show that when the solid content of the two is the same, the improvement effect of latex powder on material properties is better than that of styrene-acrylic emulsion. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the materials are greatly reduced. (5) the mechanical properties of the materials can be optimized by the mechanical meshing force between the short cut polypropylene fiber and the cement base body. The toughness of the material was characterized by impact test. At the same time, the parameters such as the morphological characteristics of the rear pore structure of the doped fiber are tested and analyzed, and the influence of the micropore structure on the macroscopic properties is discussed, and then the linear fitting analysis of the relationship between the different properties is carried out. It is found that there is a certain linear correlation between them.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU528
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