【摘要】：隨著化石能源的不斷消耗以及溫室效應(yīng)的日益嚴峻,建筑節(jié)能受到越來越多的關(guān)注,儲熱技術(shù)得到前所未有的迅速發(fā)展。其中,相變儲能是一種具有低碳環(huán)保特性的節(jié)能手段。相變儲能建筑的關(guān)鍵問題在于高性能相變材料的制備及其與建筑基體的結(jié)合。有機類相變材料因其儲熱密度大、成本較低等特點而被廣泛研究,但同時存在導熱性差、液相泄露腐蝕基體等缺陷,從而限制了其應(yīng)用。本文針對該問題,以復(fù)配石蠟作為相變材料,研究了建筑墻體用相變材料的制備方法及其在石膏板中的應(yīng)用效果,得出以下結(jié)論:(1)通過熔融混合法將固態(tài)石蠟和液態(tài)石蠟以不同質(zhì)量比復(fù)配,制備建筑墻體用相變材料,通過步冷曲線法和DSC等測試手段對建筑墻體用相變材料的相變溫度和相變潛熱進行表征;結(jié)果表明,當固液質(zhì)量比為5:5時,相變材料的相變溫度和相變潛熱分別為28.6℃和87.2 J/g,有效調(diào)整了其相變溫度以達到建筑墻體使用要求。(2)以膨脹珍珠巖和多孔陶砂作為無機載體,基于負壓吸附法,采用浸泡吸附和混合吸附兩種手段制備無機多孔載體/石蠟復(fù)合相變材料;熱循環(huán)測試結(jié)果顯示,當膨脹珍珠巖:石蠟質(zhì)量比為3:10時,50次熱循環(huán)后質(zhì)量損失率為0.08%;首次采用熔融共混一次成型法,通過改性手段,將相變組分與石膏漿體直接拌合制備石膏/改性石蠟定形相變材料,當改性劑摻量為石蠟質(zhì)量4%、改性石蠟摻量為30%時,定形相變材料抗壓強度為3.49MPa,50次熱循環(huán)質(zhì)量損失率僅為0.54%;對相變材料的密度、比熱容、導熱系數(shù)和相變焓等參數(shù)進行了測試,復(fù)配石蠟和石膏/改性石蠟在常溫下導熱系數(shù)分別為0.17 W·m-1·K-1和0.38 W·m-1·K-1,石膏的引入大大提高了相變材料的傳熱性能。(3)分別通過夾層法和混合法,將有機/無機復(fù)合相變材料加入到石膏漿體中制備相變石膏板;研究了不同成型方式、摻加不同復(fù)合相變材料時相變石膏板的強度、熱膨脹體積穩(wěn)定性;并建立了熱性能測試模型,研究了不同相變石膏板的傳熱性能;摻加40%石膏/改性石蠟定形相變材料的石膏板線膨脹系數(shù)、抗壓強度分別為16.5×10-6/℃和6.29MPa;較空白石膏板,以夾層法摻入石膏/改性石蠟定形相變材料時,最高降低室內(nèi)溫度達4.5℃。(4)利用ANSYS軟件模擬分析了復(fù)合相變材料及相變石膏板的傳熱過程,通過溫度分布云圖直觀描述了相變石膏板溫度場變化過程;相變層的加入明顯增大了石膏板的熱惰性,降低了石膏板冷面溫度,并延遲了冷面升溫速率,相變層厚度約為15mm時,對石膏板溫度延滯性最好;相變溫度略高于室溫時,相變材料調(diào)控溫度效果更佳。
[Abstract]:With the constant consumption of fossil energy and the growing severity of Greenhouse Effect, more and more attention has been paid to building energy saving, and the technology of heat storage has been developed rapidly. Among them, phase change energy storage is a low-carbon environmental protection characteristics of energy-saving means. The key problem of phase change energy storage building is the preparation of high performance phase change material and its combination with building matrix. Organic phase change materials have been widely studied because of their high heat storage density and low cost. However, their applications are limited because of their poor thermal conductivity and liquid phase leakage corrosion. In order to solve this problem, the preparation method of phase change material for building wall and its application effect in gypsum board have been studied by using complex paraffin wax as phase change material. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Phase change materials for building walls are prepared by mixing solid paraffin and liquid paraffin with different mass ratios. The phase change temperature and latent heat of phase change materials used in building walls were characterized by means of step cooling curve method and DSC. The results show that when the mass ratio of solid to liquid is 5:5, The phase change temperature and latent heat of phase change material are 28.6 鈩，

本文編號：2243940