【摘要】：納濾是介于超濾與反滲透間的一種新型分離技術(shù),由于具有低能耗、低操作壓力、對(duì)二價(jià)離子高截留等特點(diǎn)已被應(yīng)用于料液濃縮、飲用水凈化、污水處理等領(lǐng)域。但復(fù)合納濾膜的低界面穩(wěn)定性、較差的分離性能、制膜過程中有機(jī)溶劑的使用等缺點(diǎn)限制了復(fù)合納濾膜的發(fā)展。本論文以解決膜分離過程中的結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性和提高膜的分離性能為主要目標(biāo),通過改進(jìn)成膜材料(共混改性基膜材料)、優(yōu)化成膜工藝(構(gòu)建界面共價(jià)鍵)、創(chuàng)新制膜方法(基于配位作用制備新型復(fù)合膜),實(shí)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)穩(wěn)定性、高性能納濾膜的制備。通過共混改性基膜材料,將含有羥基官能團(tuán)的聚乙烯醇縮甲醛(PVF)與聚醚砜(PES)共混,親水基團(tuán)羥基通過表面偏析在基膜表面富集,參與界面聚合反應(yīng),在基膜與活性層間構(gòu)建共價(jià)鍵連接,實(shí)現(xiàn)了結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性PA/PES-PVF復(fù)合納濾膜的制備。所制備的PA/PES-PVF復(fù)合納濾膜純水通量為34.9 L/m~2h(0.2 MPa),對(duì)Na_2SO_4截留率為92.7%,對(duì)橙黃鈉及剛果紅的截留率高達(dá)98%以上。同時(shí)將制備的穩(wěn)定性PA/PES-PVF復(fù)合納濾膜應(yīng)用于原花青素乙醇溶液的分離濃縮中,體現(xiàn)了較好的分離性能和結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性,納濾替代傳統(tǒng)蒸發(fā)濃縮工藝在活性組分的濃縮提取中具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。受自然界中生物粘合現(xiàn)象,特別是金屬離子增強(qiáng)的海洋貽貝類粘合系統(tǒng)啟發(fā),利用Fe~Ⅲ與單寧酸(TA)間的配位作用在PES超濾膜表面形成穩(wěn)定的配位網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu),制備了新型TA-Fe~Ⅲ/PES復(fù)合納濾膜。其純水通量為45.6 L/m~2h,對(duì)Na_2SO_4的截留率為44.1%,對(duì)染料橙黃鈉與剛果紅的截留率分別為94.8%與98.5%。相比于傳統(tǒng)的界面聚合法,基于配位作用制備復(fù)合納濾膜具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn):反應(yīng)在水溶液中進(jìn)行,綠色環(huán)保;單相反應(yīng),操作簡便,反應(yīng)過程易控。以TA與Fe~Ⅲ間配位作用為推動(dòng)力,進(jìn)一步采用層層自組裝技術(shù)制備了(TAFe~Ⅲ)_n/PES自組裝納濾膜�？疾炝藛误w濃度及組裝層數(shù)對(duì)復(fù)合膜性能的影響,所制備的納濾膜通量為10.4 L/m~2h,對(duì)Na_2SO_4的截留率為81.8%,對(duì)橙黃鈉及剛果紅的截留率均為99%以上。
[Abstract]:Nanofiltration is a new separation technology between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis (RO). Because of its low energy consumption, low operating pressure and high retention of bivalent ions, nanofiltration has been applied in the fields of concentration of feed liquid, purification of drinking water, sewage treatment and so on. However, the development of composite nanofiltration membrane is limited by its low interface stability, poor separation performance and the use of organic solvents in the process of membrane preparation. In this thesis, the main purpose of this thesis is to solve the structural stability and improve the separation performance of the membrane in the process of membrane separation. By improving the film-forming material (blending modified base membrane material), optimizing the film-forming process (constructing the interface covalent bond) and innovating the method of preparing the new composite membrane based on the coordination action, the strong stability and high performance preparation of the nanofiltration membrane were realized. Poly (vinyl alcohol) formaldehyde (PVF) and polyethersulfone (PES) were blended with polyvinyl alcohol formaldehyde (PVF) and polyether sulfone (PES) by blending the modified base membrane material. The hydrophilic group hydroxyl groups were enriched on the substrate surface by surface segregation and participated in the interfacial polymerization reaction. The structure stability PA/PES-PVF composite nanofiltration membrane was prepared by covalent bonding between the substrate and the active layer. The pure water flux of PA/PES-PVF composite nanofiltration membrane was 34.9 L/m~2h (0.2 MPa),) and the rejection rate of Na_2SO_4 was 92.7%. The rejection rate of orange sodium and Congo red was over 98%. At the same time, the prepared PA/PES-PVF composite nanofiltration membrane was applied to the separation and concentration of procyanidin ethanol solution, which showed good separation performance and structural stability. Nanofiltration has a wide application prospect in the concentration and extraction of active components instead of traditional evaporative concentration process. Inspired by the biological bonding phenomena in nature, especially the metal-ion enhanced marine mussel bonding system, a stable coordination network structure was formed on the surface of PES ultrafiltration membrane by the coordination between Fe~ 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2233497