【摘要】：膜技術(shù)由于具有操作簡(jiǎn)單、效率高、節(jié)能環(huán)保、占地面積小等技術(shù)優(yōu)點(diǎn)而在各工業(yè)領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用。然而,膜污染在膜分離過程中不可避免,膜清洗是解決這一難題的直接方法。本文針對(duì)膜生物反應(yīng)器(MBR)中污染的微濾膜采取了水力預(yù)清洗與化學(xué)清洗相結(jié)合方法,建立了相應(yīng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,并計(jì)算了不同操作條件(溫度,操作壓力,攪拌轉(zhuǎn)速)對(duì)模型參數(shù)的影響貢獻(xiàn)率。此外,還針對(duì)特種設(shè)備中灰塵沉積的聚砜膜,采用超聲波清洗與化學(xué)清洗相結(jié)合的方法對(duì)其進(jìn)行了清洗。得出如下結(jié)論:(1)對(duì)于MBR中污染膜的清洗過程而言:①次氯酸鈉的清洗效果最好,其次是十二烷基磺酸鈉和氫氧化鈉;②膜的通量恢復(fù)率都隨清洗劑濃度的增大先增大后趨于穩(wěn)定;③膜的通量恢復(fù)率隨清洗時(shí)間的增大先增大后趨于穩(wěn)定;④膜的通量恢復(fù)率隨溫度的提高而增大;⑤膜的通量恢復(fù)率隨操作壓力的增大而減小;⑥膜的通量恢復(fù)率隨攪拌速度的增大而略微增大。最終確定的最佳清洗方案為:在不施加壓力的情況下,以0.5 wt%的次氯酸鈉在400 rpm的攪拌下清洗15 min,清洗溫度可據(jù)實(shí)際情況來選擇。(2)對(duì)于被灰塵和油性物質(zhì)污染的聚砜膜的清洗過程而言:①膜的通量恢復(fù)率隨著超聲電流的增大而增大;②膜的通量恢復(fù)率隨著超聲時(shí)間的增大而增大;③在先堿后酸清洗過程中,當(dāng)檸檬酸清洗條件一定時(shí),隨著次氯酸鈉濃度的增加,通量恢復(fù)率基本上呈先增大后減小的趨勢(shì),次氯酸鈉質(zhì)量濃度為0.3%時(shí)的清洗效果最佳;當(dāng)次氯酸鈉清洗條件一定時(shí),隨檸檬酸濃度的增加,通量恢復(fù)率的變化卻沒有規(guī)律性,0.3 wt%次氯酸鈉與15 wt%檸檬酸對(duì)該污染膜的清洗效果最好;④先堿后酸的清洗效果優(yōu)于先酸后堿;⑤超聲清洗和化學(xué)清洗結(jié)合的清洗效果優(yōu)于超聲清洗和化學(xué)清洗;⑥膜的通量恢復(fù)率隨著溫度的增大先增大后減小。(3)基于Hom-Haas模型,本文提出了化學(xué)清洗動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。該模型描述了化學(xué)清洗過程中通量恢復(fù)率隨清洗時(shí)間和清洗劑濃度的變化關(guān)系。理論分析表明模型可行。將該模型用于MBR污染膜的化學(xué)清洗過程時(shí)可得到如下結(jié)論:模型能夠準(zhǔn)確描述次氯酸鈉清洗過程中通量恢復(fù)率隨清洗時(shí)間和清洗劑濃度的變化情況。模型預(yù)測(cè)值與新的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的直觀比較進(jìn)一步證明了該模型的有效性。此外,還通過線性回歸分析了各操作條件對(duì)模型預(yù)測(cè)值的貢獻(xiàn)率。結(jié)果表明:模型參數(shù)m、n只與操作壓力和溫度的有關(guān),而速率常數(shù)k則決定于操作壓力、溫度和攪拌轉(zhuǎn)速。該模型能夠準(zhǔn)確描述氫氧化鈉和十二烷基磺酸鈉這兩種清洗劑的清洗過程。此外,還通過線性回歸分析了各操作條件對(duì)模型預(yù)測(cè)值的貢獻(xiàn)率。
[Abstract]:Membrane technology has been widely used in various industrial fields because of its advantages such as simple operation, high efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection, small occupation area and so on. However, membrane fouling is inevitable in the process of membrane separation, and membrane cleaning is a direct method to solve this problem. In this paper, the method of combination of hydraulic precleaning and chemical cleaning is adopted for the microfiltration membrane fouled in membrane bioreactor (MBR), the corresponding kinetic model is established, and the different operating conditions (temperature, operating pressure) are calculated. The effect of stirring speed on the model parameters. In addition, the polysulfone membrane deposited in the special equipment was cleaned by the method of ultrasonic cleaning and chemical cleaning. The conclusions are as follows: (1) for the cleaning process of contaminated membrane in MBR, the cleaning effect of sodium 1 chlorite is the best, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfonate and sodium hydroxide; (2) the flux recovery rate of the membrane increased firstly with the increase of the concentration of cleaning agent, and then tended to stabilize with the increase of cleaning time. The flux recovery rate of the membrane increased with the increase of the cleaning time, and then the flux recovery rate of the membrane tended to increase with the increase of the temperature. (5) the flux recovery rate of the membrane decreases with the increase of the operating pressure, and the flux recovery rate of the membrane increases slightly with the increase of the stirring speed. The best way to clean it is to do it without pressure, The cleaning temperature of 0.5 wt% sodium hypochlorite for 15 min, can be selected according to the actual situation. (2) for the cleaning process of polysulfone membrane contaminated by dust and oily substances, the flux recovery rate of the 1 / 1 membrane is with ultrasonic electrolysis. The increase of flow; 2 the flux recovery rate of the membrane increases with the increase of ultrasonic time. When the cleaning conditions of citric acid are constant, the flux recovery rate increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of sodium hypochlorite concentration. The cleaning effect of sodium hypochlorite was the best when the mass concentration of sodium hypochlorite was 0.3.When the cleaning conditions of sodium hypochlorite were constant, with the increase of citric acid concentration, The change of flux recovery rate was not regular. The cleaning effect of sodium hypochlorite (0.3 wt%) and citric acid (15 wt%) on the fouled membrane was better than that on the first alkali and then the acid. (5) the cleaning effect of ultrasonic cleaning and chemical cleaning is better than that of ultrasonic cleaning and chemical cleaning. (3) based on the Hom-Haas model, the kinetic model of chemical cleaning is proposed. The model describes the relationship between flux recovery rate and cleaning time and concentration during chemical cleaning. Theoretical analysis shows that the model is feasible. When the model is applied to the chemical cleaning process of MBR contaminated membrane, the conclusion can be drawn as follows: the model can accurately describe the flux recovery rate of sodium hypochlorite cleaning process with the cleaning time and the concentration of cleaning agent. The validity of the model is further proved by comparing the predicted values with the new experimental data. In addition, the contribution rate of each operating condition to the predicted value of the model is analyzed by linear regression analysis. The results show that the model parameter MN is only related to the operating pressure and temperature, while the rate constant k is determined by the operating pressure, temperature and stirring speed. The model can accurately describe the cleaning process of sodium hydroxide and sodium dodecyl sulfonate. In addition, the contribution rate of each operating condition to the predicted value of the model is analyzed by linear regression analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ051.893

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本文編號(hào)：2201216