發(fā)布時間：2018-07-23 16:30

【摘要】：超音速旋流冷凝分離器作為一種新型天然氣凈化裝置,集低溫冷凝和旋流分離于一體,具有結構緊湊,投資費用少,能耗較低和無污染等優(yōu)點；氣體在超音速段的最低壓力低于出口壓力,溫度低于在同一壓比下透平膨脹機所能達到的制冷溫度,等熵效率高。本文以降低壓力能量損失以及使其適用于低壓工況為目的,針對超音速冷凝旋流分離器結構設計、含濕氣體在噴管內的凝結特性和氣液兩相流動以及提高裝置分離性能的方法進行探索。論文的主要研究工作和結論如下：(1)基于一維變截面等熵流動的理論知識和數(shù)值計算軟件,設計了一套適用于較低進口壓力的超音速冷凝旋流分離器,確定了結構參數(shù)和操作參數(shù)對裝置內部流動特性的影響,實現(xiàn)了進口壓力為0.14 MPa時,噴管擴張段內靜溫均在250 K以下,最低靜溫達到231 K,且整個裝置內并沒有出現(xiàn)強激波。(2)建立并驗證了含濕氣體非平衡自發(fā)凝結流動的歐拉雙流體模型,研究了操作參數(shù)和結構參數(shù)對含濕氣體凝結特性的影響。結果表明,當進出口壓比為1.4,進口溫度為300 K,進口相對濕度為0.6,面積比為1.266時,噴管內液滴直徑達到最大值1.12μm,此時的成核率為7.5×1018m3/s。(3) 結合VOF模型建立和驗證了超音速冷凝旋流分離器內氣液兩相流動過程的數(shù)值模型,研究了液膜與噴管內超音速流動之間的相互影響。研究結果表明,在高速氣流的剪切作用下,液膜的厚度沿噴管軸向逐漸變薄,液膜表面速度逐漸增大；同時,液膜破壞了噴管內的超音速流動狀態(tài)。(4)設計并加工了一套超音速冷凝旋流分離裝置,搭建實驗平臺,研究了實驗裝置在不同操作參數(shù)和結構參數(shù)下的分離性能。實驗結果表明,增大進出口壓比和旋流器出口角,裝置分離效率先增大后降低。排液腔結構形式和傾角對裝置的分離效率也有很大的影響,(α)型排液腔的分離性能明顯優(yōu)于(ｂ)型排液形式；隨著排液腔傾角的增大,裝置的分離效率逐漸降低。
[Abstract]:As a new type of natural gas purification device, supersonic cyclone condenser has the advantages of compact structure, low investment cost, low energy consumption and no pollution. The lowest pressure of the gas at supersonic speed is lower than the outlet pressure, and the temperature is lower than the refrigeration temperature of the turbine expander at the same pressure ratio, and the Isentropic efficiency is high. In order to reduce pressure energy loss and make it suitable for low pressure working conditions, the structure design of supersonic condensing cyclone separator is presented in this paper. The condensation characteristics of wet gas in the nozzle, the gas-liquid two-phase flow and the methods to improve the separation performance of the device were explored. The main research work and conclusions are as follows: (1) based on the theoretical knowledge of one-dimensional isentropic flow with variable cross-section and numerical calculation software, a supersonic condensing cyclone separator suitable for lower inlet pressure is designed. The influence of structure parameters and operation parameters on the flow characteristics of the device is determined. When the inlet pressure is 0. 14 MPa, the static temperature in the nozzle expansion section is below 250K. The minimum static temperature is 231K and there is no strong shock wave in the whole unit. (2) the Euler two-fluid model of non-equilibrium spontaneous condensation flow of moist gas is established and verified, and the effects of operation parameters and structural parameters on the condensation characteristics of wet gas are studied. The results show that when the inlet / outlet pressure ratio is 1.4, the inlet temperature is 300K, the import relative humidity is 0.6, the area ratio is 1.266, The maximum diameter of droplet in nozzle is 1.12 渭 m, and the nucleation rate is 7.5 脳 1018 m3 / s. (3) the numerical model of gas-liquid two-phase flow in supersonic condensing cyclone separator is established and verified with VOF model. The interaction between liquid film and supersonic flow in nozzle is studied. The results show that the thickness of liquid film becomes thinner along the axial direction of nozzle and the surface velocity of liquid film increases gradually under the shear action of high velocity airflow. The liquid film destroys the supersonic flow state in the nozzle. (4) A supersonic condensing cyclone separation device is designed and manufactured. The experimental platform is built and the separation performance of the experimental device under different operating and structural parameters is studied. The experimental results show that the separation efficiency increases first and then decreases with increasing the inlet / outlet pressure ratio and the outlet angle of the hydrocyclone. (a) the separation performance of the (偽) type cavity is obviously better than that of the (b) type, and the separation efficiency decreases gradually with the increase of the inclined angle of the outlet cavity.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TQ051.8

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