【摘要】：稀土納米材料的合成是近年來(lái)研究的熱點(diǎn)。其中,氧化鑭是一種重要的稀土氧化物,其具有的光、電、磁、熱、力學(xué)等優(yōu)良性能,在陶瓷玻璃、石油化工、冶金工業(yè)、光催化及生物醫(yī)學(xué)等領(lǐng)域都有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。許多不同形貌的氧化鑭納米材料的制備已經(jīng)被陸續(xù)報(bào)道,例如納米線(xiàn)、納米棒、納米管、球形等等。具有分級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的氧化鑭納米材料是由更小的納米顆粒、納米纖維以及納米片組裝而成的,賦予氧化锎納米材料更多的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。近年來(lái),氧化鑭作為一種重要的稀土氧化物,在結(jié)構(gòu)形貌控制和性能研究等方面都取得了一定的進(jìn)展。本論文采用簡(jiǎn)單的尿素沉淀法制備了三種不同形貌的氧化鑭納米材料,采用X射線(xiàn)衍射儀(XRD)、傅立葉變換紅外光譜儀(FT-IR)、掃描電鏡(SEM)、熱重分析儀(TG-DTA)、透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)等分析了產(chǎn)物的組成結(jié)構(gòu),形貌及表面性能。并將制備的納米氧化鑭用于磷酸鹽吸附、抑制細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)、以及光催化降解(以羅丹明B溶液為模擬污染物)的性能研究,并得出了一些有意義的結(jié)論,具體如下：(1)三種不同形貌氧化鑭納米材料的制備：采用尿素沉淀法制備了三種不同形貌的具有分級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的納米氧化鑭(梭形、多面體、球形)。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：反應(yīng)物的濃度、反應(yīng)溫度以及冷卻處理方式可以影響最終氧化鑭的形貌。反應(yīng)物濃度La(NO3)3:CO(NH2)2=1:2在90℃時(shí)得到了梭形氧化鑭；La(NO3)3:CO(NH2)2=1:6在125℃時(shí)制備得到了多面體納米氧化鑭；La(NO3)3:CO(NH2)2=1:400在85℃時(shí)成功合成了具有分級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的球形納米氧化鑭。(2)利用尿素沉淀法合成了三種不同形貌的納米氧化鑭,研究了其對(duì)磷酸鹽的吸附能力、對(duì)細(xì)菌的抑制作用以及光催化降解的能力。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：不同形貌的納米氧化鑭對(duì)磷酸鹽都有一定的吸附能力；制備樣品的顆粒越小,對(duì)磷酸鹽的吸附能力越強(qiáng)。且不同形貌的納米氧化鑭能不同程度的抑制細(xì)菌的生長(zhǎng)。
[Abstract]:The synthesis of rare earth nanomaterials is a hot topic in recent years. Among them, lanthanum oxide is an important rare earth oxide, which has many excellent properties, such as light, electricity, magnetism, heat, mechanics and so on. Lanthanum oxide has broad application prospect in ceramic glass, petrochemical industry, metallurgical industry, photocatalysis, biomedicine and so on. The preparation of lanthanum oxide nanomaterials with different morphology has been reported, such as nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes, globes and so on. Lanthanum oxide nanomaterials with graded structure are assembled from smaller nanoparticles, nanofibers and nanochips, giving more advantages to californium oxide nanomaterials. In recent years, lanthanum oxide, as an important rare earth oxide, has made some progress in structure and morphology control and performance research. In this paper, three kinds of lanthanum oxide nanomaterials with different morphologies were prepared by simple urea precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TG-DTA) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to analyze the structure, morphology and surface properties of the products. The prepared nanometer lanthanum oxide was used for phosphate adsorption, inhibition of bacterial growth and photocatalytic degradation (using Rhodamine B solution as a simulated pollutant), and some significant conclusions were obtained. The main results are as follows: (1) preparation of three kinds of lanthanum oxide nanomaterials with different morphology: three kinds of lanthanum oxide with different morphology (spindle polyhedron spherical) were prepared by urea precipitation method. The results show that the concentration of reactants, reaction temperature and cooling treatment can affect the morphology of the final lanthanum oxide. The polyhedron nanometer lanthanum oxide La (no _ 3) _ 3: CO (NH _ 2) _ 2: 1: 6 was prepared at 90 鈩，

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