本文選題：中空碳納米球 + 摻雜��； 參考：《東南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球環(huán)境污染的日趨加劇,能源危機的日益嚴重,人口的快速增長和經(jīng)濟的高速發(fā)展,人類更加依賴于可持續(xù)發(fā)展的新型能源。備受關(guān)注的燃料電池作為新型能源有高的轉(zhuǎn)化效率及環(huán)境污染小等特點。然而燃料電池中的鉑基催化劑因穩(wěn)定性差、抗甲醇毒性差、成本高及自然資源不足等問題限制了其商業(yè)化進程。近幾年來,雜原子摻雜的碳材料被廣泛應(yīng)用于氧氣催化還原反應(yīng)中。在催化、醫(yī)藥、儲能等應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域上,空心碳球因具有高比表面積、密度低、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性好、導(dǎo)電性好等特性而擁有著巨大的應(yīng)用價值。本論文主要設(shè)計并合成了硼摻雜中空碳納米球,氮摻雜中空碳納米球及硼、氮共摻雜中空碳納米球,并將其應(yīng)用于燃料電池陰極氧氣還原反應(yīng)中。主要包括以下幾個部分：1.采用一種簡單溫和的水熱反應(yīng),通過對調(diào)節(jié)對羥基苯硼酸和間苯二酚的比例及煅燒溫度等條件,制備得到硼摻雜的中空碳球。實驗通過掃描電鏡、透射電鏡、拉曼、X射線光電子能譜、熱重、動態(tài)光散射、比表面積分析等對材料進行了詳細表征。材料在煅燒前后形貌不變,粒徑均一,為直徑約200 nm的中空碳納米球。2.用合成的硼摻雜中空碳納米球修飾電極,循環(huán)伏安法(CV)、線性掃描檢(LSV)測堿性溶液中材料對氧氣催化的還原電流。比較不同合成條件對電流和電位的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著煅燒溫度的增加,還原電流不斷增加且在900℃時達到最大值,此時還原峰電位最正。同時對羥基苯硼酸和間苯二酚的比例也對催化電流產(chǎn)生影響,在3：7時達到催化性能最佳,隨后通過表征材料的結(jié)構(gòu)性能研究解釋了這一變化規(guī)律。3.將由上述方法合成的硼摻雜中空碳納米球與尿素在高溫煅燒下復(fù)合,通過調(diào)節(jié)煅燒溫度制得硼、氮共摻雜的中空碳納米球。實驗通過掃描電鏡、透射電鏡、拉曼、X射線光電子能譜、熱重、紅外、比表面積分析等對材料進行了詳細表征。共摻雜后中空碳納米球的形貌沒變,但比表面積明顯增大。4.用合成的硼、氮摻雜的中空碳納米球修飾電極,循環(huán)伏安法(CV)、線性掃描(LSV)檢測堿性溶液中材料對氧氣催化的還原電流。比較不同合成條件對電流和電位的影響發(fā)現(xiàn),煅燒溫度對材料的氧還原催化活性有很大影響。通過表征材料的結(jié)構(gòu)性能研究解釋了這一變化規(guī)律。比較硼、氮共摻雜中空碳納米球和硼摻雜中空碳納米球以及氮摻雜中空碳納米球發(fā)現(xiàn),共摻雜的中空碳納米球擁有更好的氧還原性能,具有潛在的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:With the worsening of global environmental pollution, the increasingly serious energy crisis, the rapid growth of population and the rapid development of economy, human beings rely more and more on the sustainable development of new energy. As a new type of energy, fuel cell has the characteristics of high conversion efficiency and low environmental pollution. However, due to poor stability, poor methanol toxicity, high cost and insufficient natural resources, platinum based catalysts in fuel cells have limited their commercialization process. In recent years, hetero-doped carbon materials have been widely used in oxygen catalytic reduction. In the fields of catalysis, medicine and energy storage, hollow carbon spheres have great application value because of their high specific surface area, low density, good chemical stability and good electrical conductivity. In this paper, boron doped hollow carbon nanospheres, nitrogen doped hollow carbon nanospheres and boron, nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon nanospheres were designed and synthesized. Mainly include the following parts: 1. Boron doped hollow carbon spheres were prepared by adjusting the ratio of p-hydroxyphenylboric acid and resorcinol and calcining temperature in a simple and mild hydrothermal reaction. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Raman X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, dynamic light scattering and specific surface area analysis. Before and after calcination, the material has the same morphology and uniform particle size, which is a hollow carbon nanospheres with a diameter of about 200 nm. Boron doped hollow carbon nanospheres were used to modify the electrode, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear scanning voltammetry (LSV) were used to determine the oxygen reduction current in alkaline solution. By comparing the effects of different synthesis conditions on the current and potential, it is found that with the increase of calcination temperature, the reduction current increases and reaches the maximum at 900 鈩，

本文編號：2053969