本文選題：木質(zhì)纖維生物質(zhì) + 活性炭��； 參考：《西北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：木質(zhì)纖維生物質(zhì)具有可再生、來源廣泛和廉價易得等特點,對木質(zhì)纖維生物質(zhì)的高值利用能夠有效緩解當(dāng)前社會對能源的需求。本文研究了木質(zhì)纖維生物質(zhì)制備兩種碳材料的方法,并將制備的碳材料用作超級電容器的電極材料,進(jìn)行了電化學(xué)性能表征,具體內(nèi)容如下:1.以長柄扁桃殼為例,提出了綜合利用木質(zhì)纖維生物質(zhì)這類可再生資源的方法,同時制備生物乙醇和活性炭,其中乙醇的最大產(chǎn)量為0.0158 gg-1,活性炭比表面積高達(dá)2059 m2 g-1。對制備的活性炭進(jìn)行了 SEM、FTIR、XRD和BET表征并將其用作超級電容器的電極材料。在電流密度為0.5 Ag-1時,活性炭的比電容為358.4 Fg-1,在電流密度為5 A g-1時循環(huán)1000次,活性炭的電容器電容為初始電容的86.3%。將長柄扁桃殼轉(zhuǎn)換為乙醇和活性炭并將活性炭用作超級電容器的電極材料為木質(zhì)纖維生物質(zhì)的綜合利用提供了重要借鑒。2.三維多孔石墨烯在能量的轉(zhuǎn)換和存儲中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用,其復(fù)雜的制備過程和較高的生產(chǎn)成本仍然是工業(yè)化應(yīng)用中的重大挑戰(zhàn)。該工作首次發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)氧化鈣與木質(zhì)纖維生物質(zhì)的質(zhì)量比增大時,碳材料的結(jié)構(gòu)由活性炭逐步轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)轭愂?對該三維多孔類石墨烯進(jìn)行了 SEM、TEM、XPS、Raman、XRD和BET表征并將其用作超級電容器的電極材料。在電流密度為1Ag-1充放電時,類石墨烯的比電容為136Fg-1,當(dāng)電流密度增大至100 Ag-1時,類石墨烯的比電容為105 Fg-1。在電流密度10 Ag-1時循環(huán)充放電10000次后類石墨烯的比電容為初始電容的97%。該研究不僅為以木質(zhì)纖維生物質(zhì)為原料制備碳材料開辟了新思路,而且為三維多孔類石墨烯的制備和應(yīng)用提供了一種全新的方法。3.對類石墨烯的形成機理進(jìn)行了初步的研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在氧化鈣與木質(zhì)纖維生物質(zhì)質(zhì)量比較小時,氧化鈣主要作為木質(zhì)素裂解的催化劑,當(dāng)氧化鈣與木質(zhì)纖維生物質(zhì)質(zhì)量比增大時,氧化鈣不僅作為催化劑,同時也是石墨烯沉積的模板。該工作首次提出自活化色譜柱模型來解釋氮氣流速對碳材料表面積的影響,為碳材料的可控性制備提供重要依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Lignocellulosic biomass has the characteristics of renewable, wide source and cheap and easy to obtain. The high value utilization of lignocellulosic biomass can effectively alleviate the demand for energy in the current society. In this paper, the methods of preparing two kinds of carbon materials from lignocellulosic biomass were studied. The prepared carbon materials were used as electrode materials for supercapacitors and their electrochemical properties were characterized. The main contents are as follows: 1. Taking almond hulls as an example, a comprehensive method of utilizing wood fiber biomass as renewable resources was put forward. Bioethanol and activated carbon were prepared simultaneously. The maximum yield of ethanol was 0.0158 gg-1, and the specific surface area of activated carbon was up to 2059 m2 g ~ (-1). The prepared activated carbon was characterized by SEM FTIR XRD and BET and used as electrode material for supercapacitors. When the current density is 0.5 Ag-1, the specific capacitance of activated carbon is 358.4 Fg-1, and the capacitor capacitance of activated carbon is 86.3% of the initial capacitance when the current density is 5 A g ~ (-1). The conversion of almond shell to ethanol and activated carbon and the use of activated carbon as electrode material of supercapacitor provide important reference for the comprehensive utilization of lignofiber biomass. Three-dimensional porous graphene has been widely used in energy conversion and storage. Its complex preparation process and high production cost are still major challenges in industrial applications. It was found for the first time that when the mass ratio of calcium oxide to lignocellulosic biomass increased, the structure of carbon materials gradually changed from activated carbon to graphene. The three-dimensional porous graphene was characterized by SEMMOTEMN XPSN Raman XRD and BET and used as electrode material for supercapacitors. When the current density is 1Ag-1, the specific capacitance of graphene is 136Fg-1.When the current density increases to 100 Ag-1, the specific capacitance of graphene is 105Fg-1. When the current density is 10 Ag-1, the specific capacitance of graphene is 97% of the initial capacitance after 10000 cycles. This study not only opens up a new idea for the preparation of carbon materials from woody fiber biomass, but also provides a new method for the preparation and application of three-dimensional porous graphene. The formation mechanism of graphene was preliminarily studied. It was found that when the mass ratio of calcium oxide to wood fiber biomass was small, calcium oxide was mainly used as catalyst for lignin pyrolysis. When the mass ratio of calcium oxide to lignofiber biomass increased, calcium oxide was not only used as catalyst. It is also a template for graphene deposition. In this work, a self-activated chromatographic column model was proposed for the first time to explain the effect of nitrogen flow rate on the surface area of carbon materials, and to provide an important basis for the controllable preparation of carbon materials.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ127.11;TM53

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