本文選題：微生物燃料電池 + 摻氮炭粉催化劑　； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：微生物燃料電池(Microbial fuel cell, MFC)是21世紀(jì)環(huán)境工程領(lǐng)域新興的廢水處理同步能源回收技術(shù),能在胞外產(chǎn)電菌的作用下將有機(jī)廢物中的化學(xué)能直接轉(zhuǎn)化為電能,以空氣中氧氣作為氧化劑的MFC稱(chēng)之為空氣陰極微生物燃料電池(Air-cathode Microbial Fuel Cell, ACMFC)。 ACMFC常使用鉑炭作為陰極催化劑使其反應(yīng)器加工成本較高。為降低ACMFC的成本,開(kāi)發(fā)低成本高性能的陰極催化劑成為ACMFC的研究關(guān)鍵。本文選取普通活性炭(AC)和超級(jí)電容活性炭(SC)兩種廉價(jià)炭粉,使用硝酸(Nitric acid),尿素(Carbamide)及碳酸銨(Ammonium carbonate)三種方法對(duì)炭粉進(jìn)行摻氮處理。對(duì)摻氮前后的炭粉進(jìn)行旋轉(zhuǎn)圓盤(pán)電極(RDE)測(cè)試,結(jié)果表明摻氮處理后的炭粉的電子轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)均提高,并且摻氮炭粉AC的電子轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)高于炭粉SC,其中經(jīng)硝酸處理后的碳粉的電子轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)最高,碳酸銨處理的炭粉次之,而經(jīng)尿素處理的炭粉最小。采用X射線光電子能譜分析摻氮炭粉含氮官能團(tuán)的變化,發(fā)現(xiàn)氮氧化物及吡啶型氮是影響催化活性的主要官能團(tuán)。經(jīng)尿素處理炭粉對(duì)pH(pH,5～11)適用范圍更廣。交流阻抗表明(EIS)摻氮后陰極內(nèi)阻均減小,未摻氮炭粉AC陰極內(nèi)阻低于未摻氮炭粉SC陰極,尿素處理后炭粉的陰極內(nèi)阻低于碳酸銨及硝酸處理后炭粉的陰極。對(duì)各炭粉陰極的ACMFC產(chǎn)電性能研究發(fā)現(xiàn),使用乙酸鈉作為底物,摻氮前訂,炭粉AC陰極的最大功率密度為1470mW/m2,略高于炭粉SC陰極1390mW/m2。經(jīng)尿素處理后,兩種炭粉陰極產(chǎn)電提升均最大,尿素?fù)诫s炭粉SC的最大功率密度為1560mW/m2,較摻氮前最大功率密度提高12.2%；尿素?fù)诫s炭粉AC的最大功率密度為1798mW/m2,較摻氮前提高22.3%,較尿素?fù)诫s炭粉SC提高15.3%。通過(guò)對(duì)實(shí)際生活污水的產(chǎn)能分析得到,其產(chǎn)能規(guī)律與乙酸鈉進(jìn)水一致,其中經(jīng)尿素?fù)降糠蹖?duì)實(shí)際廢水庫(kù)倫效率及COD的除率均較高。對(duì)陰極催化劑的成本核算得出,炭粉AC經(jīng)尿素?fù)降蟮膯挝划a(chǎn)能所需成本是摻氮前的83.1%,是炭粉SC的15.4%。因此,經(jīng)尿素處理的炭粉AC不僅能夠降低成本,且能夠獲得更高的能量輸出,在處理實(shí)際廢水中具有更廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。在ACMFC反應(yīng)器中運(yùn)行6d的陰極,刮去生物膜后陰極性能提高,而運(yùn)行15d和30d的陰極刮去生物膜陰極性能不變,可能是隨著運(yùn)行時(shí)間增加,陰極生物膜會(huì)逐漸進(jìn)入催化層阻塞微孔。
[Abstract]:Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a new technology of synchronous energy recovery for wastewater treatment in the field of environmental engineering in twenty-first Century. It can convert the chemical energy of organic waste into electric energy directly under the action of extracellular producing bacteria, and it is called the air cathode microbial fuel cell (Air-cathod) with the oxygen of air in the air as the MFC of the oxidizer. E Microbial Fuel Cell, ACMFC). ACMFC often uses platinum carbon as the cathode catalyst to make the reactor cost higher. In order to reduce the cost of ACMFC, developing low cost and high performance cathode catalyst is the key to the research of ACMFC. This paper selects two kinds of cheap carbon powder, ordinary activated carbon (AC) and super capacitor activated carbon (SC), using nitric acid (Nitric AC). ID), three methods, urea (Carbamide) and ammonium carbonate (Ammonium carbonate) were used to treat the carbon powder. The carbon powder before and after nitrogen was tested by rotating disk electrode (RDE). The results showed that the number of electron transfer of carbon powder after nitrogen treatment increased, and the electron transfer number of AC doped with nitrogen was higher than that of carbon powder SC, which was treated with nitric acid after nitric acid treatment. The electron transfer number of carbon powder is the highest, the carbon powder treated by ammonium carbonate is the second, and the carbon powder treated by urea is the smallest. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to analyze the changes in nitrogen containing functional groups of nitrogen doped carbon powder. It is found that nitrogen oxides and pyridine nitrogen are the main functional groups affecting the catalytic activity. The application of carbamide treatment to pH (pH, 5~11) is more widely. The flow impedance showed that the internal resistance of the cathode decreased after EIS, and the internal resistance of the AC cathode was lower than that of the non carbon powder SC cathode. The cathodic resistance of the carbon powder after urea treatment was lower than that of the carbon powder after the treatment of ammonium carbonate and nitric acid after treatment. The study of the ACMFC production performance of the carbon powder cathode found that the sodium acetate was used as the substrate and the carbon powder was AC negative. The maximum maximum power density is 1470mW/m2, slightly higher than the carbon powder SC cathode 1390mW/m2. after urea treatment, the two carbon powder cathode production is the largest, the maximum power density of the urea doped carbon powder SC is 1560mW/m2, the maximum power density is 12.2% before the nitrogen doping, and the maximum power density of the urea doped carbon powder AC is 1798mW/m2, and it is higher than that before the nitrogen doping. 22.3%, compared with the urea doped carbon powder SC to improve the capacity of 15.3%. through the analysis of the capacity of actual domestic sewage, its productivity law is consistent with the influent of sodium acetate. The removal rate of Kulun efficiency and COD of the actual wastewater by the urea doped carbon powder is higher. The cost accounting of the cathode catalyst shows that the unit capacity of the carbon powder AC after the nitrogen is required for the production of the unit. It is 83.1% before nitrogen and 15.4%. of carbon powder SC. Therefore, the carbon powder AC treated by urea can not only reduce the cost, but also can obtain higher energy output. It has a wider application prospect in the treatment of actual wastewater. The cathode of 6D in the ACMFC reactor is run, the cathode performance is improved after the scraping of the biofilm, and the cathode scraper of 15d and 30d is run. The performance of the biofilm cathode remains unchanged. It may be that as the running time increases, the cathode biofilm will gradually enter the catalytic layer to block the micropores.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TQ426;TM911.45

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