本文選題：循環(huán)冷卻水 + 油品泄漏　； 參考：《中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在我國(guó)石油煉化企業(yè)中,由于密封技術(shù)落后、換熱器質(zhì)量差、管線老化和操作不當(dāng)?shù)仍?普遍存在著油品泄漏問題。泄漏的油品在裝置中與循環(huán)冷卻水混合,不僅影響了循環(huán)冷卻水的換熱性能,而且加劇了設(shè)備的腐蝕。因此,開發(fā)可應(yīng)用于油品泄漏情況下循環(huán)冷卻水中的水處理劑是當(dāng)務(wù)之急,有利于提高循環(huán)冷卻水水質(zhì),保證循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行,是節(jié)約淡水資源和合理使用水資源的有效途徑。本論文重點(diǎn)研究了固定化生物酶在油品泄漏情況下循環(huán)冷卻水系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用。(1)合成固定化載體:采用溶膠-凝膠法合成介孔SiO_2微球,并利用TEM、BET、FT-IR等對(duì)其進(jìn)行表征。(2)以合成的介孔SiO_2微球?yàn)檩d體,分別固定化漆酶、溶菌酶、脂肪酶,考察3種固定化酶的酶學(xué)特性,并且分析它們的緩蝕效果。(3)采用物理吸附法共固定化溶菌酶和脂肪酶,利用Design Expert軟件優(yōu)化固定雙酶的最佳條件。(4)將固定化雙酶應(yīng)用于循環(huán)冷卻水模擬系統(tǒng)裝置中,分析其對(duì)柴油泄漏下循環(huán)冷卻水的作用效果。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明:(1)溶膠-凝膠法合成介孔SiO_2微球的介孔孔徑均勻,比表面積為1088.9m2/g,孔徑分布在2-3 nm之間,平均孔徑為2.55 nm,且孔徑均勻。(2)以制得的介孔SiO_2微球?yàn)檩d體,先吸附戊二醛,再通過共價(jià)結(jié)合固定化漆酶。最佳固定條件是戊二醛濃度為0.75%(v/v),作用時(shí)間為8h,給酶量為0.04L/L,固定化時(shí)間為10h。向柴油濃度為80mg/L的循環(huán)冷卻水中投加0.8g/L的固定化漆酶時(shí),緩蝕率達(dá)到最高,為49.23%。(3)用物理吸附法固定化溶菌酶的最佳給酶量為0.8g/L,最佳固定化時(shí)間為10h,最佳固定化pH為6.5,最佳緩沖液離子濃度為50mmol/L。向80mg/L柴油濃度的循環(huán)冷卻水中投加0.7g/L固定化溶菌酶,緩蝕率可達(dá)到78.21%。(4)固定化脂肪酶的最佳固定化條件:脂肪酶給酶量為1.5g/L,固定化時(shí)間為8h,固定化pH為8,固定化緩沖溶液離子強(qiáng)度為25mmol/L。當(dāng)向80mg/L柴油濃度的循環(huán)冷卻水中投加0.8g/L的固定化脂肪酶時(shí),緩蝕率可達(dá)到61.7%。(5)在單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,考察以溶菌酶濃度、溶菌酶固定化時(shí)間、脂肪酶濃度、脂肪酶固定化時(shí)間4個(gè)因素為自變量,在酶活力最佳時(shí)候的水平值為中心點(diǎn),緩蝕率為響應(yīng)值,采用Box-Behnken法進(jìn)行4因素3水平響應(yīng)面分析優(yōu)化。共固定化溶菌酶和脂肪酶的最佳條件為:溶菌酶濃度為0.88g/L,溶菌酶固定化時(shí)間為11.81h,脂肪酶濃度為2.07g/L,脂肪酶固定化時(shí)間為9.22h,此時(shí)預(yù)測(cè)緩蝕率最高為86.10%。(6)共固定化酶與活性炭1:2的體積配比制成混合濾料,過濾出水中柴油的濃度可降為2.1mg/L,除油率可達(dá)97%�；旌蠟V料過濾后的出水對(duì)碳鋼的腐蝕速率有明顯的下降,從0.2106mm/a降至0.0818mm/a,即緩蝕率達(dá)到61.16%。
[Abstract]:In the petroleum refining and chemical enterprises of our country, due to the backward sealing technology, poor quality of heat exchangers, aging of pipelines and improper operation, oil leakage is common. The leaking oil mixed with the circulating cooling water not only affects the heat transfer performance of the circulating cooling water, but also intensifies the corrosion of the equipment. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the water treatment agent that can be used in circulating cooling water in the case of oil leakage, which is helpful to improve the quality of circulating cooling water and ensure the normal operation of the circulating cooling water system. It is an effective way to save fresh water resources and make rational use of water resources. In this paper, the application of immobilized biological enzymes in circulating cooling water system under oil leakage was studied. The immobilized carrier was synthesized by sol-gel method, and the mesoporous SiO_2 microspheres were synthesized by sol-gel method. The immobilized laccase, lysozyme and lipase were immobilized on the mesoporous SiO_2 microspheres. The inhibition effect of the two enzymes was analyzed. The physical adsorption method was used to co-immobilize lysozyme and lipase, and the optimal conditions for immobilization of double enzymes were optimized by Design Expert software. 4) the immobilized double enzymes were applied in the system of circulating cooling water simulation. Its effect on circulating cooling water under diesel oil leakage is analyzed. The experimental results show that the mesoporous SiO_2 microspheres synthesized by the sol-gel method have homogeneous mesoporous pore size, a specific surface area of 1088.9m2 / g, pore size distribution between 2-3 nm and an average pore size of 2.55 nm, and an average pore diameter of 2.55 nm. Then the immobilized laccase was immobilized by covalent binding. The optimal immobilization conditions were as follows: glutaraldehyde concentration was 0.75g / v / v, the time of action was 8h, the amount of enzyme was 0.04L / L, and the immobilization time was 10h. When the immobilized laccase of 0.8g/L was added to the circulating cooling water with diesel fuel concentration of 80mg/L, the corrosion inhibition rate reached the highest. The optimum amount of immobilized lysozyme was 0.8 g / L, the best immobilization time was 10 h, the best pH was 6.5, and the best buffer ion concentration was 50 mmol / L. 0.7g/L immobilized lysozyme was added to circulating cooling water containing 80mg/L diesel fuel. The optimum conditions for immobilization of lipase were as follows: the amount of lipase was 1.5 g / L, the immobilization time was 8 h, the pH of immobilization was 8, and the ionic strength of immobilized buffer solution was 25 mmol / L. When the immobilized lipase of 0.8g/L was added to the circulating cooling water of 80mg/L diesel fuel concentration, the inhibition rate could reach 61.7%. On the basis of single factor experiment, the concentration of lysozyme, the immobilization time of lysozyme and the concentration of lipase were investigated. Four factors of lipase immobilization time were independent variables, the level of lipase activity at the best time was the center point, the inhibition rate was the response value, and the Box-Behnken method was used to optimize the level response surface analysis of 4 factors and 3 levels. The optimum conditions for co-immobilization of lysozyme and lipase are as follows: lysozyme concentration is 0.88 g / L, lysozyme immobilization time is 11.81 h, lipase concentration is 2.07 g / L, lipase immobilization time is 9.22 h, and the highest inhibition rate is 86.10% and live enzyme is predicted. The mixture of carbon at 1:2 volume ratio is made into a mixed filter material. The concentration of diesel oil in filtered water can be reduced to 2.1 mg / L, and the oil removal rate can reach 97%. The corrosion rate of carbon steel was obviously decreased from 0.2106mm/a to 0.0818mm / a, that is, the corrosion inhibition rate reached 61.16 mm / a.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：Q814.2;TQ085.4;TE62

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本文編號(hào)：1969401