本文選題：質(zhì)子交換膜燃料電池 + 質(zhì)子交換膜　； 參考：《沈陽建筑大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：燃料電池因其發(fā)電效率高,可長時間連續(xù)工作,無污染,無噪聲,被認為是21世紀首選的清潔高效的發(fā)電技術(shù)。其中質(zhì)子交換膜燃料電池(PEMFC)是發(fā)展最快、應(yīng)用最廣和最有前途的燃料電池,受到了各國政府及企業(yè)的高度重視。質(zhì)子交換膜是PEMFC的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)材料,它既是一種致密的選擇性透過膜,又是電解質(zhì)(傳遞質(zhì)子)和電極活性物質(zhì)(電催化劑)的基底,是整個電池的心臟。膜中水的含量越高則離子傳導能力越強,其內(nèi)部水的傳遞與分布對質(zhì)子傳導能力以及氧氣在膜中的溶解擴散有很大影響,這將直接影響到PEMFC的性能。因此,保持膜中水含量的均衡對于PEMFC的性能十分重要。由于質(zhì)子交換膜非常薄,只有幾十至上百微米,所以對于膜中水含量的測定非常困難,尤其是采用實驗的方法進行直接的研究,所以目前只能采用軟件模擬的方式。故本文采用建模模擬的方法,對質(zhì)子交換膜中水濃度的分布進行理論研究。敘述了質(zhì)子交換膜內(nèi)水傳遞的機理模型,及影響膜內(nèi)水傳遞的因素。在Springer的膜內(nèi)擴散模型的基礎(chǔ)上進行了適當?shù)母倪M,建立了新的數(shù)學模型,并應(yīng)用軟件建立了 PEMFC的三維模型進行模擬。再根據(jù)濃度梯度的定義公式及模擬結(jié)果中的水濃度梯度與膜陰極/陽極表面水濃度的分布圖,進一步推算出質(zhì)子交換膜內(nèi)部水濃度的分布。研究結(jié)果表明:在膜的同一表面上濃度梯度方向不均一,在進氣口處,靠近膜陽極側(cè)的濃度梯度值較大;在出氣口處,靠近膜陰極側(cè)的濃度梯度值較大。膜陰極和陽極表面水濃度變化的大體趨勢是相同的,水濃度沿氣流方向都是呈拋物線趨勢遞增的,但在數(shù)值上陰極側(cè)的水濃度要明顯高于陽極側(cè)水濃度;沿膜厚度方向水濃度的變化率在進氣口處最小,中間部分次之,出氣口處最大;從膜的陽極表面到陰極表面,進氣口處的水濃度是逐漸遞增的,出氣口處雖然在1/2膜厚度的附近有一小段下降的趨勢,但其各處的水濃度都是最大的,中央位置處沿厚度方向靠近陽極側(cè)的水濃度是整個膜各處最低的,甚至低于進口處很多,更容易發(fā)生缺水現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:Fuel cell is considered as the preferred clean and efficient power generation technology in the 21st century because of its high power generation efficiency, long time continuous operation, no pollution, no noise. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is the most widely used and promising fuel cell, which has been paid great attention to by governments and enterprises all over the world. Proton exchange membrane is the key material of PEMFC. It is not only a dense selective permeation membrane, but also the substrate of electrolyte (transfer proton) and electrode active material (electrocatalyst), which is the heart of the whole battery. The higher the water content in the membrane, the stronger the ionic conductivity. The transport and distribution of water in the membrane have a great influence on the proton conductivity and the dissolved diffusion of oxygen in the membrane, which will directly affect the properties of PEMFC. Therefore, it is very important for the performance of PEMFC to maintain the equilibrium of water content in the film. Because the proton exchange membrane is very thin, it is only tens to hundreds of microns, so it is very difficult to determine the water content in the membrane, especially the direct research by the experimental method, so the software simulation method can only be used at present. Therefore, the distribution of water concentration in proton exchange membrane is studied theoretically by modeling and simulation. The mechanism model of water transport in proton exchange membranes and the factors affecting water transport in membranes are described. On the basis of Springer's intramembrane diffusion model, a new mathematical model is established, and the 3D model of PEMFC is established by software. According to the definition formula of the concentration gradient and the distribution diagram of the water concentration gradient and the surface water concentration on the cathode / anode surface of the membrane, the distribution of water concentration in the proton exchange membrane was further calculated. The results show that the concentration gradient on the same surface of the membrane is not uniform, the concentration gradient near the anode side of the membrane is larger at the inlet, and the concentration gradient near the cathode side of the membrane is larger at the outlet. The variation trend of water concentration on the surface of the film cathode and anode is the same, and the water concentration increases along the flow direction, but the water concentration on the cathode side is obviously higher than the water concentration on the anode side. The change rate of water concentration along the film thickness direction is the smallest at the inlet, the second at the middle part, and the largest at the outlet, and the water concentration in the inlet increases gradually from the anode surface of the film to the cathode surface. Although there is a small downward trend at the outlet near the thickness of 1 / 2 of the film, the water concentration everywhere is the largest, and the water concentration in the central position near the anode side in the direction of thickness is the lowest in the whole film, and even much lower than that in the inlet. Water shortages are more likely to occur.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM911.4

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