本文選題：CO_2鹽水層封存 + 數(shù)值模擬�。� 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：CO2排放量的大量增加加劇了溫室效應(yīng),導(dǎo)致全球變暖、冰川融化、海平面上升等一系列環(huán)境問題,碳捕獲與封存是目前最具前景的實(shí)現(xiàn)大規(guī)模減排CO2的措施之一。鹽水層分布廣泛、容量巨大等優(yōu)勢(shì)使得鹽水層成為最受關(guān)注的CO2封存地點(diǎn)。 在一般選定的注入地層中CO2注入后以超臨界狀態(tài)存在,超臨界狀態(tài)的CO2密度大、粘度低、流動(dòng)性好等特點(diǎn)有利于CO2在鹽水層中的封存。注入到鹽水層的CO2首先會(huì)進(jìn)入巖石的孔隙之中,隨著時(shí)間的推進(jìn),CO2會(huì)在浮力的作用下往上運(yùn)動(dòng),直至遇到蓋層。隨后CO2將與鹽水、巖石發(fā)生一系列物理化學(xué)反應(yīng),通過包括構(gòu)造封存、殘余氣封存、溶解封存、礦化封存在內(nèi)的多種機(jī)理實(shí)現(xiàn)封存CO2的目的。 本文以CO2鹽水層封存為研究對(duì)象,基于多相流體力學(xué)、滲流力學(xué)、計(jì)算流體力學(xué)等多學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)理論知識(shí),采用數(shù)值模擬的方法,在建立數(shù)學(xué)模型后研究了注水對(duì)CO2分布及溶解的影響和CO2在深部鹽水層發(fā)生泄漏遷移至淺水層時(shí)CO2的分布及泄漏的修復(fù)措施。 對(duì)于注水對(duì)CO2分布和溶解的影響的研究,本文通過考察在不同注水模式、注水速率、注水位置、鹽度和孔隙度等參數(shù)下CO2的溶解行為,系統(tǒng)地分析了注水對(duì)CO2溶解的影響,探討了通過注水促進(jìn)溶解封存、提高CO2封存安全性的措施。研究結(jié)果表明,注入CO2后,超臨界態(tài)CO2成倒錐形聚集分布于注入井附近的鹽水層頂部,分布半徑隨時(shí)間緩慢增大。注水雖不會(huì)引起CO2分布的明顯變化,但可顯著促進(jìn)CO2的溶解。增大注水速率、靠近鹽水層頂部注水以及在注CO2過程中同時(shí)注水均可提高CO2的溶解率。另外,CO2的溶解行為還可能會(huì)在不同水文地質(zhì)參數(shù)條件下發(fā)生一定變化。CO2的溶解量隨鹽水鹽度的降低而提高,但幾乎不隨巖石孔隙度變化。這些研究結(jié)果揭示了鹽水層中CO2的溶解行為,可為發(fā)展安全可靠的CO2封存技術(shù)提供參考依據(jù)。 對(duì)于CO2在深部鹽水層發(fā)生泄漏遷移至淺水層時(shí)CO2的分布及泄漏修復(fù)措施的研究,本文通過考察不同泄漏場(chǎng)景下CO2的分布、壓力分布以及采出井的采出速率、注水井的溶解效率以及參數(shù)的影響,系統(tǒng)地分析了泄漏的修復(fù)措施。模擬結(jié)果表明,CO2泄漏后,泄漏羽流分布于泄漏井附近的區(qū)域內(nèi),氣相飽和度Sg沿徑向和軸向往外逐漸降低,呈梯形分布；壓力變化的等值線在CO2的泄漏羽流區(qū)域的分布是傾斜的,而在離泄漏羽流較遠(yuǎn)區(qū)域的壓力變化的等值線是豎著分布的。注水可促進(jìn)CO2的溶解,降低水相中CO2的濃度,越大的注水速率CO2溶解得越快。利用采出井可以采出流體可以達(dá)到減少或移除CO2的目的。用直井采出流體時(shí),直井越深、直井豎直距離泄漏點(diǎn)越近、直井水平距離泄漏點(diǎn)越遠(yuǎn),CO2采出速率越高；用水平井才出流體時(shí),水平井設(shè)置在z向距離泄漏點(diǎn)越近處,CO2采出速率越高。地質(zhì)參數(shù)影響著CO2的遷移和溶解,對(duì)CO2采出速率也存在一定影響。滲透率增大,CO2采出速率降低；孔隙度減小,CO2采出速率越小。這些研究結(jié)果揭示了淺水層中CO2的泄漏行為以及不同修復(fù)措施的影響,可為發(fā)展安全可靠、高效的CO2泄漏修復(fù)技術(shù)提供參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:A large increase of CO2 emissions intensifies the greenhouse effect, resulting in a series of environmental problems, such as global warming, melting glaciers and rising sea level. Carbon capture and storage are one of the most promising measures to achieve large-scale emission reduction of CO2. The saltwater layer is widely distributed and the capacity is huge, which makes the saltwater layer become the most concerned CO2 storage site.
In the general selected injection strata, the CO2 injection is present in the supercritical state. The CO2 density of the supercritical state is large, the viscosity is low, and the fluidity is good for CO2 in the salt water layer. The CO2 will first enter the pore of the rock, and as the time advances, the CO2 will move up under the action of buoyancy. The CO2 will then have a series of physical and chemical reactions with brine and rock, and the purpose of sequestration of CO2 is achieved through a variety of mechanisms including structural sequestration, residual gas sequestration, dissolution sealing, and mineralization sealing.
In this paper, based on the basic theoretical knowledge of multiphase fluid mechanics, seepage mechanics and computational fluid mechanics, CO2 saltwater layer sealing is based on the numerical simulation method. After establishing the mathematical model, the influence of water injection on the distribution and dissolution of CO2 and the distribution of CO2 when the leakage of the deep brine layer is migrated to the shallow water layer by CO2 is studied. And the repair measures of the leakage.
In the study of the effect of water injection on the distribution and dissolution of CO2, the dissolution behavior of CO2 under different water injection modes, water injection rate, water injection position, salinity and porosity is investigated. The effect of water injection on the dissolution of CO2 is systematically analyzed, and the measures to improve the security of CO2 sequestration by water injection are discussed. It is shown that after the injection of CO2, the conical aggregation of the supercritical CO2 into the top of the saltwater layer near the injection well increases slowly with time. The water injection will not cause the obvious change of the CO2 distribution, but it can significantly promote the dissolution of the CO2. The water injection rate is increased, the water injection near the top of the brine layer and the simultaneous injection of water in the process of CO2 injection can be raised. The dissolution rate of high CO2. In addition, the dissolution behavior of CO2 may also change under the conditions of different hydrogeological parameters. The dissolution of.CO2 increases with the decrease of salinity of brine, but it does not change with the porosity of the rock. These results reveal that the dissolution of CO2 in the saltwater layer is a safe and reliable CO2 sequestration technology. Provide reference basis.
In this paper, the distribution of CO2 and the repair measures for the leakage of CO2 when the deep brine layer is leaked to the shallow water layer are studied. In this paper, the distribution of CO2, the pressure distribution and the recovery rate of the well, the dissolving efficiency of the well and the influence of the parameters are investigated in this paper. After CO2 leakage, the leakage plume is distributed in the area near the leaky well, and the gas saturation Sg decreases gradually along the radial and axis yearning, showing a trapezoid distribution; the distribution of the equivalent line of pressure variation in the leaked plume region of the CO2 is tilted, and the equivalent line of pressure variation in the far region from the leaked plume is vertical. Water injection can be used. To promote the dissolution of CO2 and to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the water phase, the larger the water injection rate CO2 dissolves, the faster it can be dissolved. Using a mining well, the fluid can be obtained to reduce or remove CO2. When the fluid is produced in a straight well, the deeper the vertical well is, the closer the vertical distance leaking point is, the farther the horizontal distance leaking point is, the higher the CO2 recovery rate is, the higher the production rate is, the higher the production rate of the CO2, the higher the level of the recovery is, the higher the level of the recovery is, the higher the recovery rate of the vertical well; When the well is out of fluid, the higher the level of the horizontal well is at the nearer the Z to the distance leaking point, the higher the recovery rate of the CO2. The geological parameters affect the migration and dissolution of CO2, and also have a certain effect on the CO2 recovery rate. The permeability increases, the CO2 production rate decreases, the porosity decreases, the CO2 extraction rate is smaller. These results reveal the leakage of CO2 in the shallow water layer. Leakage behavior and influence of different repair measures can provide reference for developing safe, reliable and efficient CO2 leakage repair technology.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ116.3;TQ021.1

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