本文選題：水泥脫硝 + 預(yù)測控制��； 參考：《濟南大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：氮氧化物的排放是伴隨在水泥生產(chǎn)中不可避免的過程,目前我國面臨嚴峻的大氣污染問題,水泥行業(yè)氮氧化物的排放受到國家日趨嚴格的限制,水泥企業(yè)面臨很大的環(huán)保壓力。水泥行業(yè)脫硝普遍采用SNCR技術(shù),該技術(shù)具有投資少和環(huán)境效益高的特點,但SNCR技術(shù)在實際的脫硝應(yīng)用中仍存在諸多問題,如脫硝效率不高、氨水消耗量大、依賴合適的溫度窗口以及受燒成系統(tǒng)影響較大等等。目前我國水泥脫硝控制水平較低,多數(shù)為人工控制或常規(guī)PID控制,無法有效解決上述問題,對氮氧化物濃度的控制很難達到穩(wěn)定的效果,并且噴氨量調(diào)節(jié)不合理,容易造成氨水的浪費。為了降低氮氧化物濃度,保證環(huán)境質(zhì)量達標,同時控制合理的噴氨量,降低企業(yè)運行成本,水泥脫硝采用先進控制技術(shù)成為必然趨勢。隨著控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展,先進控制技術(shù)如預(yù)測控制和專家規(guī)則越來越多的在工業(yè)現(xiàn)場得到實際應(yīng)用。預(yù)測控制對模型的精度要求低,對模型失配有較強的適應(yīng)能力,能有效克服滯后問題,消除穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差,在火電等行業(yè)的脫硝工程中得到了應(yīng)用,因此預(yù)測控制是水泥脫硝控制技術(shù)的一個很好的選擇。專家規(guī)則通過總結(jié)人工經(jīng)驗,在復(fù)雜情況下有較好的控制效果。本文通過對水泥脫硝工藝的分析,并結(jié)合現(xiàn)場低排放和減少氨水消耗的實際需求,分析了脫硝過程本身存在純滯后以及過渡過程時間較長的典型特征以及燒成系統(tǒng)對脫硝過程的影響影響較大等典型問題,總結(jié)了現(xiàn)有脫硝控制技術(shù)存在的噴氨量調(diào)節(jié)不合理、無法有效克服滯后以及氮氧化物濃度不穩(wěn)定等問題,提出了結(jié)合預(yù)測控制和專家規(guī)則的水泥脫硝控制系統(tǒng)方案,并根據(jù)方案進行了深入的研究,利用現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)建立了噴氨量-氮氧化物濃度預(yù)測模型,根據(jù)動態(tài)矩陣控制理論(Dynamic Matrix Control,DMC)設(shè)計了基于脫硝過程模型的預(yù)測控制器,總結(jié)專家經(jīng)驗制定了專家規(guī)則,使脫硝控制不再盲目依賴NO_x濃度的反饋值,噴氨量的調(diào)節(jié)更有前瞻性。根據(jù)仿真和現(xiàn)場的調(diào)試確定了脫硝控制器各參數(shù),并與常規(guī)PID方法進行了對比仿真,結(jié)果表明基于預(yù)測控制的水泥脫硝控制效果優(yōu)于常規(guī)PID控制效果。本文根據(jù)SNCR工藝以及現(xiàn)場實際條件,設(shè)計了氨水制備與供給控制系統(tǒng),進行了點號表的統(tǒng)計、控制器和模塊配置、PLC梯形圖編程以及上位機組態(tài),實現(xiàn)了氨水的穩(wěn)定供給。本文以提高氮氧化物濃度控制精度和提高噴氨量調(diào)節(jié)合理性為目標,以水泥脫硝過程控制系統(tǒng)方案為基礎(chǔ),依托水泥廠現(xiàn)有DCS系統(tǒng),進行了噴氨量優(yōu)化控制系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、數(shù)據(jù)庫的設(shè)計開發(fā)和優(yōu)化控制軟件的開發(fā),實現(xiàn)了水泥脫硝過程控制系統(tǒng)的工程化,詳細介紹了關(guān)鍵算法和各模塊功能的實現(xiàn)過程。經(jīng)過不斷地修改完善以及現(xiàn)場調(diào)試,水泥脫硝過程控制系統(tǒng)成功運行,實現(xiàn)了穩(wěn)定、低濃度的氮氧化物濃度控制和合理、精確的噴氨量調(diào)節(jié),減輕了操作員的勞動強度,提高了NO_x濃度控制精度,降低了水泥生產(chǎn)過程的脫硝成本,提高了水泥企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益。
[Abstract]:The emission of nitrogen oxides is an inevitable process in the production of cement. At present, China faces severe air pollution problems. The emission of nitrogen oxides in cement industry is strictly restricted by the state, and the cement enterprises are facing great environmental pressure. SNCR technology is widely used in the cement industry. The technology has less investment and environment. There are many problems with high efficiency, but there are still many problems in the application of SNCR technology in actual denitrification, such as low denitrification efficiency, large amount of ammonia water consumption, relying on appropriate temperature window and burning system, and so on. At present, the control level of cement denitrification is low in our country, most of which are human work control or conventional PID control, which can not effectively solve the above questions. It is difficult to achieve a stable effect on the control of nitrogen oxide concentration, and it is easy to cause the waste of ammonia water. In order to reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxide, ensure the quality of the environment to meet the standard, at the same time control the reasonable amount of ammonia and reduce the operation cost of the enterprise, the advanced control technology of cement denitrification is the inevitable trend. With the control of the cement, the advanced control technology is the inevitable trend. With the control of the cement, the advanced control technology is the inevitable trend. With the control of the cement, the advanced control technology is the inevitable trend. More and more advanced control technologies, such as predictive control and expert rules, have been applied in the industrial field. The precision of predictive control is low, and the model is equipped with a strong adaptability. It can effectively overcome the lag problem and eliminate the steady-state error. It has been applied to the denitrification project in the thermal power industry and other industries. This predictive control is a good choice for the control technology of cement denitrification. By summarizing the manual experience, the expert rule has better control effect in complex conditions. This paper analyzes the process of denitrification by analyzing the cement denitrification process and combining the actual demand of low emission and reduction of ammonia water consumption in the field, and analyses the pure delay in the process of denitrification and the existence of the pure lag in the process of denitrification. The typical characteristics of the longer transition process and the influence of the firing system on the denitrification process are more typical. The problems existing in the existing denitrification control technology are unreasonable, the lag and the nitrogen oxide concentration are not effectively overcome, and the cement removal with the combination of predictive control and expert rules is put forward. The scheme of the nitrate control system is studied. The prediction model of the ammonia content and nitrogen oxide concentration is established by the field data. The predictive controller based on the dynamic matrix control theory (Dynamic Matrix Control, DMC) is designed based on the model of the denitrification process. The expert rules are drawn up to make the denitrification control not. Again, the feedback value of NO_x concentration is blindly dependent, and the regulation of spray ammonia is more forward-looking. According to the simulation and field debugging, the parameters of the denitrification controller are determined and compared with the conventional PID method. The results show that the effect of the cement denitrification control based on the predictive control is better than the conventional PID control effect. This paper is based on the SNCR process and the site. In the actual conditions, the ammonia water preparation and supply control system is designed. The statistics of the dot meter, the controller and the module configuration, the PLC ladder diagram programming and the upper computer configuration are used to realize the stable supply of ammonia water. In this paper, the control system of cement denitrification process is aimed at improving the control precision of the nitrogen oxide concentration and improving the rationality of the regulation of the injection of ammonia. Based on the unified scheme, based on the existing DCS system in the cement plant, the structure design of the optimization control system for the injection of ammonia is carried out, the design and development of the database and the development of the optimization control software have been developed to realize the engineering of the control system of the cement denitrification process. The key algorithm and the realization process of the function of each block are introduced in detail. After continuous modification, the system is improved and perfected. As well as field debugging, the control system of the cement denitrification process has been successfully run, realizing the stability, the low concentration of nitrogen oxide concentration control, reasonable and accurate ammonia injection regulation, reducing the labor intensity of the operator, improving the NO_x concentration control precision, reducing the cost of denitrification in the cement production process, and improving the economic benefit of the cement enterprise. Social results.

【學位授予單位】：濟南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ172.6;TP273

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