本文選題：微生物燃料電池 + 溶解氧�。� 參考：《華南理工大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：微生物燃料電池(Microbial fuel cell,MFC)能夠有效處理污水同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)能,近年來(lái)廣受關(guān)注。本課題結(jié)合MFC研究現(xiàn)狀,以提高M(jìn)FC電能輸出和污水處理能力為目標(biāo),研究了反應(yīng)器構(gòu)型、陰極室溶解氧、外加磁場(chǎng)對(duì)MFC脫氮除磷和產(chǎn)電性能的影響,并對(duì)氨氮燃料MFC產(chǎn)電性能和氨氮抑制作用做了研究,最后用MFC結(jié)合微波法處理實(shí)際污水——垃圾滲濾液。主要成果如下:單室MFC和雙室MFC都有脫氮除磷效果,但去除效率和機(jī)理均不同。單室MFC中總磷(Total phosphorus,TP)和總氮(Total nitrogen,TN)去除率分別為43.9%和53.8%,且主要是以在陰極表面形成針狀磷酸銨鎂晶體的形式被去除的。雙室MFC陽(yáng)極室對(duì)TP和TN去除不明顯,其陰極表面也沒(méi)有形成磷酸銨鎂晶體。雙室MFC陰極室中TP去除率達(dá)到了94%,是化學(xué)沉降和微生物吸收共同作用的結(jié)果,陰極室中形成的化學(xué)沉淀物是磷酸化合物、碳酸化合物和羥基化合物等物質(zhì)的混合物。雙室MFC中大部分的NH4+-N都在陰極室中被氧化成了NO2--N,但TN去除量較少。單室MFC和雙室MFC中化學(xué)需氧量(Chemical oxygen demand,COD)去除率分別為66%和79%。單室MFC和雙室MFC的最大輸出電壓、最大面積功率密度、內(nèi)阻、庫(kù)倫效率分別為443和524 m V、560和528 m W/m2、181和227Ω、35%和51%。陰極室溶解氧是MFC產(chǎn)電和污水處理的重要影響因素。陰極室溶解氧由3.5 mg/L下降至2.0 mg/L時(shí),MFC最大輸出電壓、庫(kù)倫效率、最大面積功率密度分別由521 m V、52.48%、530 m W/m2下降至303 m V、23.09%、178 m W/m2。4種陰極室溶解氧條件下MFC中TP去除率均85%,其中約80%是被化學(xué)沉降作用去除的,約4%-17%是被微生物吸收作用去除的。當(dāng)陰極室溶解氧濃度為3.5和2.8 mg/L,TN去除率很低,大部分NH4+-N都在陰極室被氧化成了NO2--N;當(dāng)陰極室溶解氧濃度為2.5和2.0 mg/L,TN去除率85%。COD去除率受陰極室溶解氧影響較小,陽(yáng)極室中COD的去除率70%,陰極室中COD的去除率5%。4種陰極室溶解氧條件下MFC陰極室中生成的化學(xué)沉淀物是磷酸化合物、碳酸化合物和羥基化合物的混合物。給MFC外加低強(qiáng)度的穩(wěn)恒磁場(chǎng)會(huì)提高其產(chǎn)電性能和污水處理能力。當(dāng)MFC外加50 m T的磁場(chǎng)時(shí),MFC的最大輸出電壓、TP去除率、COD去除率分別由523±2 m V、~93%、~80%上升至553±2 m V、~96%、90%,同時(shí)啟動(dòng)時(shí)間和庫(kù)倫效率分別由16 d和~50%下降至10 d和~43%。外加磁場(chǎng)對(duì)TN去除無(wú)明顯促進(jìn)作用,但磁場(chǎng)MFC中NH4+-N轉(zhuǎn)化率更高,硝化反應(yīng)也進(jìn)行的更徹底。MFC的啟動(dòng)速度和輸出電壓受磁場(chǎng)方向影響較小。磁場(chǎng)對(duì)MFC產(chǎn)電及污水處理效果的影響是快速、可逆、不可持續(xù)的。如將外加磁場(chǎng)突然從MFC撤離,會(huì)對(duì)MFC產(chǎn)電及COD去除起反作用,但對(duì)氮磷去除及氮的轉(zhuǎn)化沒(méi)有反作用。氨氮可作為MFC的間接電子供體,但不能作為直接電子供體。當(dāng)MFC中無(wú)有機(jī)碳源時(shí),以NH4Cl、KNO2、KNO3、KNO2和Na NO3、NH4Cl和Na NO3為氮源,MFC均無(wú)電壓輸出,且MFC中氮元素的量和形態(tài)都無(wú)明顯變化。以NH4Cl(20 m M)和KNO2(10 m M)混合物為氮源時(shí),MFC有少量電壓輸出,且最大輸出電壓隨著KNO2濃度的增加由18.1 m V上升至32.5 m V,出水中NH4+-N和NO2--N濃度大幅度降低,并含有一定量的NO3--N。證實(shí)了MFC中厭氧氨氧化(Anaerobic ammonium oxidation,ANAMMOX)反應(yīng)的發(fā)生,MFC產(chǎn)電是厭氧氨氧化菌(ANAMMOX bacteria,An AOB)和一些異養(yǎng)產(chǎn)電菌協(xié)同完成的,NH4+-N是產(chǎn)電過(guò)程中的間接電子供體。另外,MFC電壓輸出滯后ANAMMOX反應(yīng)一段時(shí)間,進(jìn)一步表明NH4+-N是MFC間接電子供體。NH4+-N擴(kuò)散和NH3揮發(fā)是MFC中NH4+-N損耗的重要途徑,相比無(wú)電壓輸出MFC,有電壓輸出MFC中擴(kuò)散和揮發(fā)等作用消耗的NH4+-N量更多。在一定濃度范圍內(nèi),提高氨氮濃度有助于增加MFC電壓輸出、最大功率密度和COD去除率。當(dāng)氨氮濃度大于100 m M時(shí),MFC中微生物活性受到嚴(yán)重抑制,MFC產(chǎn)電性能和污水處理效果顯著下降。當(dāng)氨氮濃度為50 m M時(shí),MFC輸出電壓和COD去除率分別達(dá)到最大值555 m V和82%。當(dāng)氨氮濃度為100 m M時(shí),MFC最大功率密度達(dá)到最大值602 m W/m2。隨著微波輻照時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)和功率的增大,垃圾滲濾液的p H、五日生化需氧量(Five days biochemical oxygen demand,BOD5)、BOD5/COD逐漸增大,垃圾滲濾液的可生化性能逐漸增強(qiáng),電導(dǎo)率、COD、NH4+-N值逐漸減小。選擇BOD5/COD0.3經(jīng)微波法前處理后的垃圾滲濾液為MFC燃料,MFC的啟動(dòng)速度加快了,輸出電壓和最大面積功率密度增大了,內(nèi)阻增大了,庫(kù)倫效率降低了,脫氮除碳效果明顯增強(qiáng)。垃圾滲濾液的BOD5/COD值越高M(jìn)FC產(chǎn)電性能不一定會(huì)更好,MFC的產(chǎn)電性能還與電導(dǎo)率等其它因素有關(guān)。垃圾滲濾液微波處理前后,MFC中TP去除效果差別不大。較優(yōu)微波前處理?xiàng)l件為微波功率210 W輻照15 min和微波功率350 W輻照5min。
[Abstract]:Microbial fuel cell (MFC) can effectively deal with sewage and realize production capacity. In recent years, the subject is concerned with the present situation of MFC research. In order to improve the capacity of MFC power output and sewage treatment, the effects of reactor configuration, cathode chamber dissolved oxygen and magnetic field on the performance of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and electricity production of MFC are studied. The effect of ammonia nitrogen fuel MFC production and ammonia nitrogen inhibition was studied. Finally, the actual sewage - garbage leachate was treated with MFC combined with microwave method. The main results are as follows: single room MFC and double chamber MFC have the effect of denitrification and phosphorus removal, but the removal efficiency and mechanism are different. The total phosphorus (Total phosphorus, TP) and total nitrogen (Total nitrogen, TN) in single room MFC are different. The removal rates are 43.9% and 53.8%, respectively, which are mainly removed from the form of acicular magnesium phosphate on the cathode surface. The removal of TP and TN in the double chamber MFC anode chamber is not obvious, and the surface of the cathode has not formed magnesium ammonium phosphate. The removal rate of TP in the double chamber MFC cathode chamber is 94%, which is the common effect of chemical deposition and microbial absorption. As a result, the chemical precipitates formed in the cathode chamber are mixtures of phosphoric acid compounds, carbonates and hydroxyl compounds. Most of the NH4+-N in the double chamber MFC is oxidized to NO2--N in the cathode chamber, but the removal of TN is less. The removal rate of chemical oxygen demand in single chamber MFC and double chamber MFC (Chemical oxygen demand, COD) is 66%, respectively. The maximum output voltage of 79%. single chamber MFC and double chamber MFC, maximum area power density, internal resistance, Kulun efficiency 443 and 524 m V respectively, 560 and 528 m W/m2181 and 227 Omega, 35% and 51%. cathode chamber dissolved oxygen are important factors affecting the MFC production and sewage treatment. The maximum output voltage of the cathode chamber dissolved oxygen from 3.5 mg/L to 2 mg/L, the maximum output voltage of MFC. The maximum area power density decreased from 521 m V, 52.48%, 530 m W/m2 to 303 m V, 23.09%, 178 m W/m2.4 cathode chamber dissolved oxygen in MFC 85%, of which about 80% were removed by chemical deposition, and 4%-17% was removed by microbial absorption, when the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the cathode chamber was 3.5 and 2.8 mg/L. The removal rate is very low, most of the NH4+-N are oxidized to NO2--N in the cathode chamber; when the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the cathode chamber is 2.5 and 2 mg/L, the 85%.COD removal rate of the TN removal rate is less affected by the dissolved oxygen in the cathode chamber, the removal rate of COD in the anode chamber is 70%, and the removal rate of COD in the cathode chamber 5%.4 is produced in the cathode chamber of the cathode chamber in the MFC cathode chamber under the condition of dissolved oxygen. The sediment is a mixture of phosphoric acid compounds, carbonates and hydroxyl compounds. The low strength and stability of the magnetic field for MFC will improve its electrical performance and sewage treatment ability. When MFC plus 50 m T magnetic field, the maximum output voltage of MFC, TP removal rate, COD removal rate from 523 + 2 m V, ~93%, ~80% to 553 + 2 m, 90%, simultaneously, simultaneously, simultaneously, 90%, simultaneously, simultaneously, 90%, simultaneously, simultaneously, 90%, simultaneously, simultaneously, 90%, simultaneously, simultaneously, simultaneously, 90%, simultaneously, simultaneously The starting time and Kulun efficiency decreased from 16 D and ~50% to 10 D and ~43%. applied magnetic field to TN removal, but the NH4+-N conversion rate in magnetic field MFC was higher. The starting speed and output voltage of the nitrification reaction were less affected by the direction of the magnetic field. The effect of magnetic field on the output of MFC and sewage treatment was fast. Speed, reversibility, unsustainable. If the external magnetic field is suddenly evacuated from MFC, it will react to MFC production and COD removal, but has no reaction to nitrogen and phosphorus removal and nitrogen conversion. Ammonia nitrogen can be used as an indirect electron donor for MFC, but not as a direct electron donor. When MFC has no organic carbon source, NH4Cl, KNO2, KNO3, KNO2 and Na NO3, NH4Cl and Na NO3 is a nitrogen source and MFC has no voltage output, and there is no obvious change in the amount and form of nitrogen elements in MFC. When the mixture of NH4Cl (20 m M) and KNO2 (10 m M) is the nitrogen source, MFC has a small amount of voltage output, and the maximum output voltage rises to 32.5 with the increase of KNO2 concentration from 18.1 m. The quantitative NO3--N. confirmed the reaction of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anaerobic ammonium oxidation, ANAMMOX) in MFC, and MFC production was completed by anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (ANAMMOX bacteria, An AOB) and some heterotrophic bacteria, and NH4+-N was an indirect electron donor in the process of electricity production. One step indicates that NH4+-N is an important way for the.NH4+-N diffusion and NH3 volatilization of the MFC indirect electron donor and the NH4+-N loss in MFC. Compared with the non voltage output MFC, the amount of NH4+-N consumed by the diffusion and volatilization in the voltage output MFC is more. In a certain concentration range, the increase of ammonia nitrogen concentration is helpful to increase the output of MFC voltage, maximum power density and COD. When the concentration of ammonia is greater than 100 m M, the microbial activity in MFC is severely inhibited, the output of MFC and the treatment effect of wastewater decrease significantly. When the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 50 m M, the maximum value of MFC output voltage and COD removal rate is 555 m V and 82%. when ammonia nitrogen concentration is 100 m. The maximum power density reaches the maximum value of 602 With the prolongation of microwave irradiation time and increasing power, the P H of landfill leachate, Five days biochemical oxygen demand, BOD5, BOD5/COD gradually increased, the biodegradability of the landfill leachate increased gradually, the conductivity, COD, NH4+-N value gradually decreased. When the liquid is MFC fuel, the starting speed of the MFC is accelerated, the output voltage and the maximum area power density increase, the internal resistance is increased, the efficiency of Kulun is reduced, the effect of denitrification and removal of carbon is obviously enhanced. The higher the BOD5/COD value of the landfill leachate is, the power production performance of the MFC is not necessarily better. The electrical property of MFC is also related to other factors such as electrical conductivity and other factors. Landfill leachation Before and after microwave treatment, the effect of TP removal in MFC was not very different. The best microwave pretreatment conditions were microwave power 210 W irradiation 15 min and microwave power 350 W irradiation 5min.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703;TM911.45

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本文編號(hào)：1857918