本文選題：流體靜電 + 計(jì)算模型��； 參考：《上海交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著航天和能源工業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,液氫、液氧和液化天然氣等低溫流體的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。這類流體大多具有高絕緣性,在輸送過程中管壁產(chǎn)生摩擦從而產(chǎn)生靜電并不斷積聚,流體帶電問題已成為影響其安全的重要因素之一,引起極大關(guān)注。流體帶電問題受到流速、溫度、固體材料性質(zhì)等多方面的影響,涉及到流體力學(xué)、靜電學(xué)和熱力學(xué)等多個(gè)學(xué)科,深入開展對(duì)該問題的研究具有重要的理論和實(shí)際意義。本文在理論研究基礎(chǔ)上建立了一個(gè)適用性廣的計(jì)算模型,并通過搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)進(jìn)行了相關(guān)測(cè)試,驗(yàn)證了所提出理論模型的準(zhǔn)確性,并將模型應(yīng)用于液氫的實(shí)際運(yùn)輸算例,為之提供指導(dǎo)。具體地,首先在文獻(xiàn)調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,介紹了流體靜電特性的研究現(xiàn)狀和所得成果,闡述了流體帶電的基本機(jī)理和影響因素。之后建立了管內(nèi)流流體靜電電荷密度計(jì)算的數(shù)學(xué)物理模型,針對(duì)流體帶電問題中的流動(dòng)特點(diǎn),提出用二階迎風(fēng)格式和中心差分格式求解電荷密度方程,使用Matlab數(shù)學(xué)工具得到仿真結(jié)果,得到了速度、溫度等參數(shù)對(duì)管內(nèi)電荷密度分布的影響。隨后,以模型驗(yàn)證為出發(fā)點(diǎn),確定了實(shí)驗(yàn)方法和實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容,設(shè)計(jì)了實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,以旋轉(zhuǎn)圓盤系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ)搭建了流體起電速率測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)進(jìn)行測(cè)試,根據(jù)所得到的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)速度、溫度、轉(zhuǎn)盤材料等因素的影響進(jìn)行了定量和定性分析。理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)的研究結(jié)果均明顯體現(xiàn)出速度對(duì)于流體帶電的決定性影響作用。然后以靜態(tài)儲(chǔ)存于儲(chǔ)罐內(nèi)的帶電流體為研究對(duì)象,得到儲(chǔ)罐內(nèi)流體靜電位的計(jì)算模型,通過數(shù)學(xué)求解得到了流體電荷密度、相對(duì)介電常數(shù)和儲(chǔ)罐半徑、徑高比等結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對(duì)儲(chǔ)罐內(nèi)靜電位分布的影響規(guī)律。根據(jù)理論計(jì)算和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的結(jié)果,提出了相關(guān)的預(yù)防靜電措施。最后綜合對(duì)比理論計(jì)算模型和實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試的結(jié)果,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者具有一定的吻合度,從而驗(yàn)證了該理論計(jì)算模型對(duì)于流體帶電特性研究的適用性,并在此基礎(chǔ)上將該模型應(yīng)用到低溫流體液氫的靜電積聚特性研究中,得到了對(duì)實(shí)際液氫輸送和儲(chǔ)存中消除或者抑制靜電產(chǎn)生的有益指導(dǎo)性結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of aerospace and energy industry, cryogenic fluids such as liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen and liquefied natural gas are more and more widely used. Most of these fluids have high insulation, friction of pipe wall produces static electricity and accumulates continuously in the course of transportation. The problem of fluid electrification has become one of the important factors affecting its safety, which has aroused great concern. The problem of fluid electrification is affected by flow velocity, temperature, properties of solid materials and so on. It involves many subjects, such as hydrodynamics, electrostatics and thermodynamics, etc. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the problem in depth. On the basis of theoretical research, a widely applicable calculation model is established in this paper, and the accuracy of the proposed theoretical model is verified by setting up an experimental bench to verify the accuracy of the proposed model, and the model is applied to the actual transportation of liquid hydrogen. To provide guidance. Specifically, based on the literature investigation, this paper introduces the current situation and achievements of electrostatic characteristics of fluid, and expounds the basic mechanism and influencing factors of fluid electrification. Then, a mathematical and physical model for calculating electrostatic charge density of fluid in pipe is established. According to the flow characteristics of fluid charging problem, the second order upwind scheme and central difference scheme are proposed to solve the charge density equation. The effect of velocity and temperature on the distribution of charge density in the tube is obtained by using the Matlab mathematical tool. Then, with the model verification as the starting point, the experimental method and content are determined, and the experimental device is designed. Based on the rotating disk system, a test bench is set up to test the starting power rate of the fluid, and the velocity is measured according to the obtained experimental results. The effects of temperature, rotating disc materials and other factors were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Both theoretical and experimental results show the decisive effect of velocity on fluid charge. Then taking the charged fluid stored in the tank as the research object, the calculation model of the electrostatic potential of the fluid in the tank is obtained, and the charge density, the relative dielectric constant and the radius of the storage tank are obtained by mathematical solution. The influence of structure parameters such as diameter to height ratio on electrostatic potential distribution in storage tank. According to the results of theoretical calculation and experimental study, the relative measures of preventing static electricity are put forward. Finally, by comparing the theoretical calculation model with the experimental results, it is found that the two models have a certain degree of agreement, which verifies the applicability of the theoretical calculation model to the study of fluid electrification characteristics. On this basis, the model is applied to the study of electrostatic accumulation characteristics of liquid hydrogen in cryogenic fluids, and some useful guidance results are obtained for eliminating or inhibiting electrostatic generation in actual liquid hydrogen transportation and storage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ116.2

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