本文選題：質(zhì)子交換膜燃料電池 + 電壓均衡性��； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)》2017年03期

【摘要】：質(zhì)子交換膜燃料電池(proton exchange membrane fuel cell,PEMFC)電堆由多個(gè)單電池串聯(lián)疊加而成,材料、工藝和流場分布等因素可能引起單電池性能衰減,電堆運(yùn)行壽命取決于電壓最低的單體電池,電堆中單體電池電壓均衡性是影響燃料電池壽命的重要因素.為了解決現(xiàn)有單體電壓均衡性評價(jià)方法不能全面準(zhǔn)確地反映燃料電池電壓一致性的問題,探究電堆電流、流場分布和空間位置對單體電壓波動(dòng)率的影響,以14.4 k W PEMFC電堆測試平臺(tái)為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行了單體電壓均衡性實(shí)驗(yàn)研究.實(shí)驗(yàn)分別測試穩(wěn)態(tài)時(shí)電堆電流以10 A為步長、從10 A加載到180 A和暫態(tài)時(shí)從47 A動(dòng)態(tài)加載到112 A的單體電壓波動(dòng)率,加載策略采用恒頻恒幅加載控制策略,負(fù)載加載的時(shí)間間隔為20 ms,電流加載幅值為2 A.首先,運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)"掐頭去尾"的原則處理電堆穩(wěn)態(tài)電流從10 A加載到180 A的數(shù)據(jù),剔除端部單電池前(后)單體電壓波動(dòng)率與電流,分別得到Fourier 3項(xiàng)式和Gaussian2項(xiàng)式函數(shù)關(guān)系.然后,針對單體電壓波動(dòng)率無法分析電堆電壓幅差和故障的缺點(diǎn),提出將單體電壓波動(dòng)幅值、異眾比率、最小距和電壓平均差相結(jié)合的改進(jìn)電壓均衡性評價(jià)方法.該方法以單體電壓波動(dòng)幅值推斷電堆電壓波動(dòng)范圍,并通過異眾比率判斷較大電壓偏差電池占所有單電池?cái)?shù)目的比例,使用最小距表示電壓最低的單體電池偏移電堆平均電壓的程度,利用電壓平均差評價(jià)電堆整體波動(dòng)大小.最后,以電堆從47 A動(dòng)態(tài)加載到112 A時(shí)的75片單體電壓分布為算例,對傳統(tǒng)單體電壓波動(dòng)率與改進(jìn)的電壓均衡性評價(jià)方法做對比實(shí)驗(yàn).研究結(jié)果表明:雖然傳統(tǒng)的單體電壓均衡性評價(jià)方法測得的波動(dòng)率為0.77,但很難從電壓波動(dòng)率上反映出電堆各單體電池電壓波動(dòng)程度;改進(jìn)的電壓均衡性評價(jià)方法可從電堆單體電壓波動(dòng)幅值、異眾比率、最小距和電壓平均差多方面綜合評價(jià)電壓的均衡性,其對比實(shí)驗(yàn)值分別為40.00、0.04、14.33 m V和2.60 m V,電堆電壓幅差較大;電壓波動(dòng)較大的單電池的數(shù)量很少,電壓最低的單體電池偏移電堆平均電壓的程度較小,電堆電壓整體波動(dòng)較小,電堆整體均衡性較好.
[Abstract]:Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack consists of several single cells in series. The material, process and flow field distribution may cause the single cell performance attenuation, and the stack life depends on the single cell with the lowest voltage. The voltage equalization of single cell is an important factor to affect the life of fuel cell in stack. In order to solve the problem that the existing single cell voltage equalization evaluation methods can not reflect the consistency of fuel cell voltage completely and accurately, the effects of stack current, flow field distribution and space location on the voltage fluctuation rate of fuel cell are explored. Based on the 14.4kW PEMFC stack test platform, an experimental study on the voltage equalization of monomers has been carried out. The steady-state voltage fluctuation rate of the stack with 10A step, from 10A to 180A and transient from 47A to 112A is measured respectively. The loading strategy adopts constant frequency and constant amplitude loading control strategy. The loading time interval is 20 Ms and the current loading amplitude is 2 A. Firstly, the data of steady current loading from 10A to 180A are processed by the principle of "strangling head and tail" in statistics. After removing the voltage fluctuation rate and current in front (back) of the terminal single cell, the functional relationships of three terms of Fourier and one term of Gaussian2 are obtained, respectively. Then, aiming at the disadvantage that voltage fluctuation rate can not analyze voltage amplitude difference and fault of stack, an improved voltage equalization evaluation method is proposed, which combines single voltage fluctuation amplitude, heterogeneity ratio, minimum distance and voltage average difference. In this method, the voltage fluctuation range of stack is inferred from the amplitude of single voltage fluctuation, and the proportion of large voltage deviation cells to all single cells is judged by the heterogeneity ratio. The minimum distance is used to represent the average voltage of the cell offset stack with the lowest voltage, and the voltage average difference is used to evaluate the overall fluctuation of the stack. Finally, taking the voltage distribution of 75 monolayers loaded dynamically from 47A to 112A as an example, a comparative experiment is made between the traditional voltage fluctuation rate and the improved voltage equalization evaluation method. The results show that although the volatility rate measured by the traditional method is 0.77, it is difficult to reflect the voltage fluctuation of each single cell in the stack from the voltage fluctuation. The improved voltage equalization evaluation method can comprehensively evaluate the voltage equalization from the aspects of voltage fluctuation amplitude, heterodyne ratio, minimum distance and voltage average difference. The comparative experimental values are 40.004 ~ 0.04 ~ 14.33 MV and 2.60 MV respectively, the voltage amplitude difference of stack is large, the number of single cell with high voltage fluctuation is very small, the average voltage of single cell with the lowest voltage is small, and the voltage fluctuation of stack as a whole is relatively small. The overall balance of the stack is good.
【作者單位】： 西南交通大學(xué)電氣工程學(xué)院;中國電力工程顧問集團(tuán)東北電力設(shè)計(jì)院有限公司;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金青年基金資助項(xiàng)目(51607149) 四川省科技服務(wù)業(yè)平臺(tái)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目(2015GFW0022)
【分類號】：TM911.4

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