本文選題：尾礦利用 + 自保溫　； 參考：《廣州大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,中國經濟持續(xù)高速增長,能源消耗越來越大。在整個社會總能耗中,建筑能耗占比非常大,因此建筑節(jié)能顯得尤為重要。資源大量消耗的同時,也產生了大量的固體廢棄物,比如磷礦尾礦。我國每年產生大量的磷礦尾礦,由于長年堆積,得不到有效的利用,對周邊生態(tài)環(huán)境造成了嚴重的危害。隨著“綠色建筑”這一概念的提出,綠色建材越來越受到歡迎。利用磷礦尾礦制備綠色建材不僅能夠大量消耗工業(yè)固體廢棄物,保護生態(tài)環(huán)境,還能帶來一定的經濟效益。為了制備出滿足熱工性能要求的砌塊,本文首先以串、并聯(lián)模型為基礎建立了磷礦尾礦自保溫砌塊的有效導熱系數(shù)計算模型,以磷礦尾礦水泥基為固體骨架,分析固體骨架導熱系數(shù)s?與氣孔率?對材料導熱系數(shù)的影響,采用單因素敏感性分析法,當s?與?分別在-20%~20%之間變化時,計算結果顯示,氣孔率?對材料導熱系數(shù)的影響大于固體骨架導熱系數(shù)s?,這一結論對實驗設計具有指導意義。通過分析原材料的性能,確定了實驗方案。依次摻入30%、40%、50%比例的磷礦尾礦來調節(jié)骨架的導熱系數(shù);摻入10~30g的泡沫(依次增加2.5g),來調節(jié)砌塊的氣孔率。測試制備的砌塊的性能,結果顯示,固體骨架的導熱系數(shù)隨著磷礦尾礦摻入量的增加而減小;隨著泡沫量的增加,氣孔率增大,砌塊內部氣孔的平均孔徑也增大,砌塊的導熱系數(shù)減小;當磷礦尾礦摻入量為50%,氣孔率大于等于45%時,砌塊的導熱系數(shù)達到了保溫材料的要求,小于0.2 W/(m?K)。進一步優(yōu)化制備參數(shù),制備出密度等級為B07級的磷礦尾礦自保溫砌塊,導熱系數(shù)為0.15 W/(m?K),熱工性能好,強度等級為A3.5級,達到了外墻砌塊的強度要求。以夏熱冬冷地區(qū)建筑為例,分析磷礦尾礦自保溫砌塊對建筑隔熱與墻體內表面結露的影響。將磷礦尾礦自保溫砌塊應用到建筑外圍護結構中,計算得到夏季墻體內表面最高溫度為36.79℃小于加氣混凝土墻內表面最高溫度為37.03℃;計算得到冬季墻體熱橋內表面溫度為16.62℃大于加氣混凝土墻熱橋內表面溫度16.24℃。通過DeST能耗模擬軟件計算,在圍護結構中應用磷礦尾礦自保溫砌塊,在夏季空調期節(jié)能率可達5.7%,在冬季采暖期節(jié)能率可達2.9%。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's economy continues to grow at a high speed, and energy consumption is increasing. In the whole society energy consumption, building energy consumption is very large, so building energy conservation is particularly important. At the same time, a large amount of solid waste, such as phosphate tailings, is produced. A large number of phosphate tailings are produced every year in China. Due to the accumulation of phosphate ore for a long time, it can not be used effectively, which has caused serious harm to the surrounding ecological environment. With the concept of "green building" put forward, green building materials are becoming more and more popular. The preparation of green building materials from phosphate tailings can not only consume industrial solid wastes, protect the ecological environment, but also bring about certain economic benefits. In order to prepare blocks that meet the requirements of thermal performance, a calculation model of effective thermal conductivity of phosphate tailings with cement base as solid skeleton is established based on serial and parallel models. Analysis of solid skeleton thermal conductivity s? And porosity? Single factor sensitivity analysis was used to determine the thermal conductivity of materials. With? When the change is between -20% and 20%, the calculated results show that the porosity? The effect on the thermal conductivity of the material is greater than that of the solid skeleton. This conclusion is of great significance to the experimental design. By analyzing the properties of raw materials, the experimental scheme is determined. The thermal conductivity of the skeleton was adjusted by adding 30% and 40% of the phosphate tailings to adjust the thermal conductivity of the skeleton, and the foam of 10 ~ 30 g was added to adjust the porosity of the block by increasing 2.5 g in turn. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the solid skeleton decreases with the increase of the content of phosphate tailings, the porosity increases with the increase of the foam content, and the average pore diameter of the inner pore increases with the increase of the foam content, the results show that the thermal conductivity of the solid skeleton decreases with the increase of the content of phosphate tailings. The thermal conductivity of the block decreases, and when the content of phosphate tailings is 50 and the porosity is greater than 45, the thermal conductivity of the block reaches the requirement of thermal insulation material, which is less than 0.2 W / m ~ (-1). Further optimizing the preparation parameters, a phosphate tailings self-insulating block with density grade B07 was prepared, with a thermal conductivity of 0.15 W / m ~ (-1), good thermal performance and a strength grade of A3.5, which met the strength requirements of the external wall block. Taking buildings in hot summer and cold winter area as an example, the influence of self insulation block of phosphate tailings on building heat insulation and wall inner surface dew is analyzed. The self-insulation block of phosphate tailings is applied to the outer envelope of the building. The results show that the maximum temperature of the inner surface of the wall in summer is 36.79 鈩，

本文編號：1815297