本文選題：聚偏氟乙烯 + 熱致相分離法　； 參考：《天津工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)是一種性能優(yōu)良的半結(jié)晶性聚合物,具有機(jī)械強(qiáng)度高、熱穩(wěn)定性好、耐化學(xué)性和高疏水性等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。作為一種廣受關(guān)注的膜制備聚合物原料,PVDF目前已被廣泛應(yīng)用于超微濾膜制備,其所制備的膜已被應(yīng)用于飲用水凈化、工業(yè)及市政污水處理、膜蒸餾、生物燃料回收以及聚合物電池等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。與傳統(tǒng)非溶劑致相分離法(NIPS)相比熱致相分離法(TIPS)制得的膜具有強(qiáng)度高、孔隙率高、孔徑分布窄等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。本文以PVDF為成膜聚合物,采用TIPS法制備了 PVDF多孔膜,并對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)與性能進(jìn)行了研究。以鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)與已二酸二辛脂(DOA)組成混合稀釋劑,通過TIPS法制備了 PVDF平板膜。研究了稀釋劑配比、固含量變化以及無機(jī)粒子對(duì)膜微觀結(jié)構(gòu)與性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,PVDF/DBP/DOA成膜體系以S-L相分離為主,呈典型的球晶結(jié)構(gòu)。隨PVDF濃度和混合稀釋劑中DOA比例增加,膜橫截面球晶結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸及球晶結(jié)構(gòu)晶粒間空隙均變小,同時(shí)膜表面孔隙率減小,致密度增加。此外,混合稀釋劑中DOA比例增加,能夠改善膜力學(xué)性能,但會(huì)減小膜純水通量。無機(jī)添加劑納米Si02的添加,可明顯降低膜孔隙率,提高膜疏水性和斷裂強(qiáng)度。以DBP和鄰苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)組成混合稀釋劑,以納米Si02、石墨烯為添加改性劑,采用TIPS法制備了 PVDF中空纖維雜化膜。結(jié)果表明,所得膜為均質(zhì)海綿狀孔結(jié)構(gòu),外表面較光滑孔徑較小,內(nèi)表面粗糙且疏松多孔,隨納米Si02添加量的增加膜橫截面孔徑、斷裂強(qiáng)度與斷裂伸長(zhǎng)率均呈先增大后減小的趨勢(shì)。石墨烯以片層形式均勻分散在膜內(nèi),添加石墨烯后膜純水通量增加,膜孔隙率高于70%。同時(shí)加入3wt%納米Si02與0.5wt%石墨烯所制備中空纖維雜化膜滲透性能較好,純水通量可達(dá)418L/m2·h,力學(xué)能較單一組分添加劑所制備中空纖維雜化膜有所改善。
[Abstract]:Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a kind of semi-crystalline polymer with excellent properties, such as high mechanical strength, good thermal stability, chemical resistance and high hydrophobicity. As a kind of membrane preparation material, PVDF has been widely used in ultrafiltration membrane preparation, which has been used in drinking water purification, industrial and municipal wastewater treatment, membrane distillation. Biofuel recovery and polymer batteries and other areas. Compared with the traditional non-solvent induced phase separation method (NIPS), the membrane prepared by thermal phase separation method has the advantages of high strength, high porosity and narrow pore size distribution. In this paper, PVDF porous membranes were prepared by TIPS method using PVDF as film forming polymer. The structure and properties of PVDF porous membranes were studied. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and dioctyl adipate (DOAA) were used as diluents to prepare PVDF flat membrane by TIPS method. The effects of diluent ratio, solid content and inorganic particles on the microstructure and properties of the film were studied. The results show that the membrane forming system of PVDF / DBP / DOA is dominated by S-L phase separation with typical spherulite structure. With the increase of the concentration of PVDF and the proportion of DOA in the mixed diluent, the size of the spherulite structure and the voids between the spherulites become smaller, while the porosity of the film surface decreases and the density increases. In addition, the increase of the ratio of DOA in the mixed diluent can improve the mechanical properties of the membrane, but reduce the pure water flux of the membrane. The addition of inorganic additive nanometer Si02 can obviously reduce the membrane porosity and improve the hydrophobicity and fracture strength of the membrane. The hybrid membrane of PVDF hollow fiber was prepared by TIPS method using DBP and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as a mixed diluent and nano-Si _ (02) and graphene as modifiers. The results show that the membrane is homogeneous and spongy, the outer surface is smaller than the smooth pore size, the inner surface is rough and porous, and the cross-section pore size of the membrane increases with the increase of nano- content. The fracture strength and elongation showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Graphene was uniformly dispersed in the membrane in the form of lamellar, and the pure water flux of the membrane increased with the addition of graphene, and the membrane porosity was higher than 70. At the same time, the hollow fiber hybrid membrane prepared by adding 3wt% nanometer Si02 and 0.5wt% graphene has good permeability and pure water flux up to 418L/m2 h. The mechanical properties of the hybrid membrane are better than that prepared by single additive.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ051.893

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本文編號(hào)：1803884