本文選題：[Bmim]PF6/[Beim]PF6 + 液膜分離　； 參考：《西安工程大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著通訊與家電業(yè)的高速發(fā)展,鎳鎘電池的需求量也日漸增大,但隨之而來的環(huán)境污染問題也越來越嚴(yán)重。鎘是稀有貴重金屬,也是有毒金屬,鎳鎘電池中的鎘含量較大,廢舊鎳鎘電池帶來的環(huán)境污染問題主要是由鎘的污染造成的,所以無論是從資源回收再利用的角度,還是從保護(hù)環(huán)境的角度,富集回收廢舊鎳鎘電池中的鎘都具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本實(shí)驗(yàn)中合成離子液體1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸鹽([Bmim]PF6)和1-丁基-3-乙基咪唑六氟磷酸鹽([Beim]PF6),并考察了反應(yīng)時(shí)間、反應(yīng)溫度、反應(yīng)物配比、溶劑用量等因素的影響。將此離子液體與液膜分離技術(shù)聯(lián)用,以三正辛胺為載體,硫酸作反萃取劑,研究了此項(xiàng)技術(shù)對硝酸鎘模擬廢水溶液中鎘的分離富集效果,考察了反應(yīng)時(shí)間、載體的濃度、溶液p H值和硫酸濃度等影響因素。最后研究了將此項(xiàng)技術(shù)應(yīng)用于廢舊鎳鎘電池預(yù)處理液,檢測了其對鎘的分離富集效果,實(shí)驗(yàn)取得的結(jié)果如下:1.合成中間體[Bmim]Br和[Beim]Br的最佳參數(shù)條件為:0.1mol N-甲基咪唑/N-乙基咪唑、0.12mol溴代正丁烷、反應(yīng)時(shí)間24h、反應(yīng)溫度60℃;合成[Bmim]PF6和[Beim]PF6的最佳條件是:0.1mol[Bmim]Br/[Beim]Br、0.11mol KPF6、反應(yīng)溫度50℃,反應(yīng)時(shí)間24h,[Bmim]PF6和[Beim]PF6的合成率分別為88.2%和90.6%,并對產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行了表征;2.離子液體與液膜分離技術(shù)聯(lián)用處理5×10-4mol/L硝酸鎘模擬廢水溶液,最佳反應(yīng)條件分別為:選擇離子液體[Bmim]PF6、載體的濃度為9×10-4mol/L、溶液p H值為5、萃取時(shí)間為80min、硫酸濃度為1.5mol/L、反萃取時(shí)間為60min,最終鎘的分離富集效率為91.9%,干擾離子鎳鈷的加入對鎘的分離富集效率的影響極小。離子液體經(jīng)純化處理后可實(shí)現(xiàn)循環(huán)利用;3.將此技術(shù)應(yīng)用于分離富集廢舊鎳鎘電池預(yù)處理液中的鎘,實(shí)驗(yàn)在最佳參數(shù)條件下進(jìn)行,達(dá)到了預(yù)期的處理效果,鎘、鎳和鈷的分離富集效率為91.2%、3.5%和2.1%,實(shí)現(xiàn)了鎘的分離富集。利用離子液體與液膜分離技術(shù)聯(lián)用的方法分離富集廢舊鎳鎘電池中的鎘,反應(yīng)操作簡單、反應(yīng)過程綠色安全無污染,可以很好地分離富集出其中的鎘,達(dá)到了預(yù)期的效果。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of communication and home appliances, the demand for Ni-CD batteries is increasing, but the environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. Cadmium is a rare and precious metal, but also a toxic metal. The cadmium content in Ni-CD batteries is large. The environmental pollution caused by waste Ni-CD batteries is mainly caused by cadmium pollution, so whether from the perspective of resource recovery and reuse, It is also of practical significance to enrich and recover cadmium from waste nickel-cadmium batteries from the point of view of environmental protection. Ionic liquids 1 Ding Ji 3 methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim] PF6) and 1 Ding Ji 3 ethyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Beim] PF 6) were synthesized in this experiment. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, reactant ratio and solvent dosage were investigated. The separation and enrichment of cadmium in the simulated wastewater solution of cadmium nitrate was studied by using this ionic liquid and liquid membrane separation technology, with trioctylamine as the carrier and sulfuric acid as the stripping agent. The reaction time and the concentration of the carrier were investigated. The pH value of solution and the concentration of sulfuric acid were affected. Finally, the application of this technology to the pretreatment solution of waste Ni-CD battery was studied, and the separation and enrichment of cadmium was detected. The experimental results were as follows: 1. The optimum conditions for the synthesis of [Bmim] Br and [Beim] Br are as follows: 0.1 mol N-methylimidazole / N-ethylimidazolium 0.12 mol bromo-n-butane, reaction time 24 h, reaction temperature 60 鈩，

本文編號：1792650