本文選題：光學(xué)玻璃 + 超聲振動銑磨��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：光學(xué)玻璃為各向同性的高新技術(shù)材料,因其優(yōu)良的化學(xué)、機(jī)械、光學(xué)、熱力學(xué)等性能而被廣泛應(yīng)用于光學(xué)儀器的構(gòu)件的制作。但光學(xué)玻璃是一種典型的硬脆材料,傳統(tǒng)加工過程中易產(chǎn)生斷裂、崩碎、裂紋等加工缺陷,難以使加工表面質(zhì)量得到保證,進(jìn)而限制了其更廣泛的應(yīng)用。超聲振動銑磨加工技術(shù)由于磨粒切削刃與工件斷續(xù)接觸的加工特點(diǎn)尤其適用于硬脆材料加工,相比較普通切削具有明顯的優(yōu)越性。本文研究了光學(xué)玻璃超聲振動銑磨加工時材料去除脆塑轉(zhuǎn)變以及銑磨加工參數(shù)、超聲振動振幅對材料加工表面粗糙度和亞表面損傷的影響,以期為實現(xiàn)光學(xué)玻璃低損傷磨削加工提供技術(shù)支持。本文以分析光學(xué)玻璃超聲振動銑磨加工材料去除脆塑轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槌霭l(fā)點(diǎn),建立了光學(xué)玻璃脆塑轉(zhuǎn)變模型,在此基礎(chǔ)上對BK7和JGS1兩種光學(xué)玻璃進(jìn)行了顯微壓痕試驗和單顆粒超聲振動變切深刻劃試驗,并對壓痕區(qū)域、刻劃溝槽的表面形貌進(jìn)行了檢測分析。結(jié)合兩種光學(xué)玻璃壓痕尺寸的測量結(jié)果,研究了不同加載載荷對光學(xué)玻璃的維氏硬度、斷裂韌性的影響規(guī)律,同時結(jié)合臨界刻劃力和臨界刻劃深度的測量結(jié)果研究了超聲振動振幅對材料臨界加載載荷、臨界切削深度的影響規(guī)律。為研究超聲振動參數(shù)和銑磨加工參數(shù)對光學(xué)玻璃超聲振動銑磨加工工件表面粗糙的影響規(guī)律,本文對BK7和JGS1兩種光學(xué)玻璃進(jìn)行了以機(jī)床主軸轉(zhuǎn)速、工件進(jìn)給速度、切削深度和超聲振動振幅為參數(shù)的單因素試驗,研究了工件表面粗糙度隨不同參數(shù)的變化規(guī)律,并根據(jù)不同參數(shù)下的表面粗糙度值建立了光學(xué)玻璃超聲振動銑磨加工預(yù)測模型,為實現(xiàn)光學(xué)玻璃材料的精密加工工藝參數(shù)的優(yōu)選奠定了基礎(chǔ)。在不同加工參數(shù)下的光學(xué)玻璃超聲振動銑磨加工工藝試驗基礎(chǔ)上,采用機(jī)械拋光法結(jié)合HF酸腐蝕法對銑磨加工后的表面進(jìn)行了處理。利用掃描電子顯微鏡對銑磨加工區(qū)域進(jìn)行顯微觀測,并對亞表面裂紋種類和尺寸進(jìn)行了檢測,得到了超聲振動條件下光學(xué)玻璃材料亞表面損傷的形式與特征,研究了不同參數(shù)對亞表面損傷程度的影響規(guī)律,為探索減輕亞表面損傷的技術(shù)措施提供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Optical glass is an isotropic high-tech material, which is widely used in the fabrication of optical instruments because of its excellent chemical, mechanical, optical and thermodynamic properties. However, optical glass is a kind of typical hard and brittle material. It is easy to produce fracture, breakage, crack and other processing defects in the traditional processing process, so it is difficult to guarantee the quality of the machined surface, which limits its wider application. Ultrasonic vibration milling and grinding technology is especially suitable for machining hard and brittle materials due to the processing characteristics of intermittent contact between abrasive cutting edge and workpiece. Compared with common cutting, ultrasonic vibration milling and grinding technology has obvious advantages. In this paper, the effects of material removal of brittle plastic transition, milling parameters and amplitude of ultrasonic vibration on surface roughness and subsurface damage of optical glass during ultrasonic vibration milling are studied. The aim is to provide technical support for low damage grinding of optical glass. In this paper, an optical glass brittle plastic transition model is established based on the analysis of the brittle plastic transition of optical glass processed by ultrasonic vibration milling. On the basis of these experiments, two kinds of optical glass, BK7 and JGS1, were tested by micro-indentation test and ultrasonic vibration with single particle, and the surface morphology of grooves in indentation region was analyzed. Combined with the measuring results of indentation size of two kinds of optical glass, the effect of different loading loads on Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of optical glass was studied. At the same time, the influence of ultrasonic vibration amplitude on critical loading load and critical cutting depth of materials is studied by combining the measurement results of critical scratching force and critical depth. In order to study the influence of ultrasonic vibration parameters and milling and grinding parameters on the roughness of workpiece surface of optical glass by ultrasonic vibration milling and grinding, two kinds of optical glass (BK7 and JGS1) have been studied in this paper by the spindle speed of machine tool and the feed speed of workpiece. The variation of workpiece surface roughness with different parameters was studied in the single factor experiment of cutting depth and ultrasonic vibration amplitude, and the prediction model of ultrasonic vibration milling and grinding of optical glass was established according to the surface roughness value of different parameters. It lays a foundation for optimizing the processing parameters of optical glass materials. Based on the experimental results of ultrasonic vibration milling and grinding of optical glass with different processing parameters, the surface after milling and grinding was treated by mechanical polishing and HF acid corrosion. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the milling and grinding area, and the types and sizes of subsurface cracks were detected. The forms and characteristics of subsurface damage of optical glass materials under ultrasonic vibration were obtained. The influence of different parameters on the degree of subsurface damage is studied, which provides the basis for exploring the technical measures to reduce the subsurface damage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ171.6

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 陳明君,張飛虎,董申,李旦;光學(xué)玻璃塑性模式超精密磨削加工的研究[J];中國機(jī)械工程;2001年04期

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本文編號：1776911