發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-19 02:32

  本文選題：氣凝膠膨脹珍珠巖 + 氣凝膠��； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：氣凝膠是一種質(zhì)輕且導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)極低的納米級(jí)保溫材料，以其優(yōu)異的保溫性能被廣泛關(guān)注，，大量應(yīng)用于航空等高精尖領(lǐng)域。但由于其制備工藝復(fù)雜、制品強(qiáng)度較低、制備成本昂貴，使其在建筑領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用受到嚴(yán)重限制。如何在提高氣凝膠制品強(qiáng)度的同時(shí)，降低制備成本是其能夠廣泛應(yīng)用于建筑領(lǐng)域亟需解決的關(guān)鍵問題。 膨脹珍珠巖是一種廣泛應(yīng)用于建筑領(lǐng)域的價(jià)格低廉、耐火良好、強(qiáng)度較高、導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)較低的保溫材料。目前建筑節(jié)能與防火要求給建筑墻體保溫提出了更高的要求，而膨脹珍珠巖作為無機(jī)保溫材料中的主要保溫骨料，閉孔率是影響其導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)，但由于膨脹的過程存在很大隨機(jī)性，要想通過改進(jìn)生產(chǎn)工藝控制閉孔率、降低導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)是極其困難的。如何在保證膨脹珍珠巖強(qiáng)度與成本控制的同時(shí)，降低其導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)是其在建筑節(jié)能領(lǐng)域中能否可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵問題。 本文擬以廉價(jià)的膨脹珍珠巖作為載體，將氣凝膠吸入到膨脹珍珠巖內(nèi)腔結(jié)構(gòu)中，形成新型復(fù)合保溫材料—?dú)饽z膨脹珍珠巖。氣凝膠膨脹珍珠巖在提高材料性價(jià)比的同時(shí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)兩種材料的優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)，一方面采用膨脹珍珠巖作為氣凝膠外殼，可提高氣凝膠強(qiáng)度；另一方面將氣凝膠充滿膨脹珍珠巖空腔，可降低膨脹珍珠巖導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)，并避開膨脹珍珠巖工藝改進(jìn)瓶頸。 本文基于以上目標(biāo)，進(jìn)行了如下研究： （1）氣凝膠制備工藝研究。 本文選擇溶膠-凝膠法制備氣凝膠，研究了各原材料用量以及三種疏水處理方法對(duì)氣凝膠成品性能的影響規(guī)律，采用多種微觀手段對(duì)表征成品性能的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行測(cè)定，綜合考慮氣凝膠成品的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)特征、疏水性能以及熱穩(wěn)定性，得到了制備氣凝膠的最佳配合比，并分析得到最優(yōu)疏水工藝。 （2）氣凝膠膨脹珍珠巖制備工藝研究。 本文采用半細(xì)胞法技術(shù)將氣凝膠吸入到膨脹珍珠巖內(nèi)部復(fù)合形成氣凝膠膨脹珍珠巖，研究了不同粒徑范圍膨脹珍珠巖載體對(duì)氣凝膠膨脹珍珠巖制品性能的影響，采用微觀手段對(duì)表征氣凝膠膨脹珍珠巖制品的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)（比表面積、熱穩(wěn)定性、導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)）進(jìn)行測(cè)定，結(jié)合氣凝膠膨脹珍珠巖的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)以及化學(xué)成分組成，得到了最佳載體粒徑范圍。 （3）氣凝膠膨脹珍珠巖在混凝土的應(yīng)用研究。 本文基于�；⒅楸爻兄鼗炷罜30基礎(chǔ)配方，將研制的氣凝膠膨脹珍珠巖作為保溫骨料應(yīng)用于混凝土中，對(duì)其立方體抗壓強(qiáng)度和導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)的進(jìn)行測(cè)定，對(duì)比分析得到氣凝膠膨脹珍珠巖保溫混凝土導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)低于�；⒅楸鼗炷梁团蛎浾渲閹r保溫混凝土，且遠(yuǎn)低于普通C30混凝土，同時(shí)證明通過合理的保溫骨料納米改性可有效降低混凝土導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)。
[Abstract]:Aerogel is a kind of nano-scale thermal insulation material with light weight and extremely low thermal conductivity. It has been widely paid attention to for its excellent thermal insulation properties and has been widely used in aviation and other high-precision fields.However, because of its complex preparation process, low strength and expensive preparation cost, its application in the field of construction is severely restricted.How to improve the strength of aerogel products and reduce the cost of preparation are the key problems that need to be solved in the field of architecture.Expanded perlite is a kind of thermal insulation material with low price, good fire resistance, high strength and low thermal conductivity, which is widely used in the field of architecture.At present, the requirements of building energy saving and fire prevention put forward higher requirements for building wall insulation. As the main thermal insulation aggregate of inorganic insulation materials, expanded perlite is the key index affecting its thermal conductivity.However, due to the randomness of the expansion process, it is very difficult to reduce the thermal conductivity by improving the production process to control the closed porosity.How to ensure the strength and cost control of expanded perlite and reduce its thermal conductivity is the key to sustainable development in the field of building energy conservation.In this paper, a new composite thermal insulation material, aerogel expanded perlite, is formed by taking cheap expanded perlite as carrier and inhaling aerogel into the inner cavity structure of expanded perlite.The aerogel expanded perlite enhances the material performance and price ratio, and realizes the complementary advantages of the two materials. On the one hand, the aerogel is used as the aerogel shell to increase the aerogel strength; on the other hand, the aerogel is filled with the expanded perlite cavity.The thermal conductivity of expanded perlite can be reduced and the bottleneck of technological improvement of expanded perlite can be avoided.Based on the above objectives, this paper has carried out the following research:Preparation of aerogel.In this paper, we choose the sol-gel method to prepare aerogels, study the influence of the amount of raw materials and three kinds of hydrophobic treatment methods on the properties of aerogel products, and use a variety of microscopic methods to measure the properties of the aerogels.Considering the microstructure, hydrophobicity and thermal stability of aerogel products, the optimum mixture ratio of aerogels was obtained and the optimum hydrophobic process was obtained.Preparation of aerogel expanded perlite.In this paper, aerogel was inhaled into expanded perlite to form aerogel expanded perlite by semi-cell technique. The effect of dilated perlite carrier with different particle size on the properties of aerogel expanded perlite product was studied.The indexes (specific surface area, thermal stability, thermal conductivity) of aerogel expanded perlite products were determined by microcosmic method, and the microstructure and chemical composition of aerogel expanded perlite were combined.The optimum particle size range of the carrier was obtained.Application of aerogel expanded perlite in concrete.Based on the C30 formula of vitrified microbead thermal insulation bearing concrete, the aerogel expanded perlite is applied to concrete as insulation aggregate, and its cube compressive strength and thermal conductivity are measured.The thermal conductivity of aerogel expanded perlite insulation concrete is lower than that of vitrified microbead insulation concrete and expanded perlite insulation concrete, and is far lower than that of ordinary C30 concrete.At the same time, it is proved that the thermal conductivity of concrete can be effectively reduced by proper nano-modification of thermal insulation aggregate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU528

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李森;程江;文秀芳;皮丕輝;楊卓如;;聚合物包覆改性納米二氧化鈦的研究進(jìn)展[J];日用化學(xué)工業(yè);2007年02期

2 何飛;赫曉東;李W

本文編號(hào)：1771204