本文選題：基膜 + 復合膜�。� 參考：《天津大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：通過使用具有不同組成和結構參數(shù)的基膜制備反滲透膜和CO2分離膜,研究基膜組成和結構對復合膜結構和性能的影響�？疾旖䴖]沉淀相轉化過程中,非溶劑通過涂層底面入侵對膜中大空穴生成的影響,制備具有較好耐壓性能的基膜。選用三種孔徑不同的商品基膜,經(jīng)過表面活性劑十二烷基硫酸鈉(SDS)溶液浸泡這三種基膜后制備反滲透膜�；た讖胶蚐DS溶液浸泡處理基膜影響反滲透膜皮層交聯(lián)度、皮層厚度、表面粗糙度以及皮層高分子材料應變等,進而影響反滲透膜的性能。反滲透膜水通量和鹽截留率均隨著基膜孔徑的增大先增大后減小,當基膜孔徑較小時(9.8 nm),反滲透膜水通量隨著SDS溶液浸泡處理基膜而減小,鹽截留率隨著SDS溶液浸泡處理基膜而增大,當基膜孔徑較大時(14.2或20.3 nm),反滲透膜水通量和鹽截留率均隨SDS溶液浸泡處理基膜而增大。在基膜鑄膜液中添加脫摻雜聚苯胺(PANI)納米材料調控基膜的組成和結構,制備反滲透膜。隨著PANI添加量的增大,基膜表面氨基含量增加,孔徑減小,孔隙率增大。隨著PANI添加量的增大,基膜水通量增大,即基膜對水阻力減小。表面氨基和孔徑的共同作用使反滲透膜皮層交聯(lián)度和表面粗糙度先增大后減小,皮層厚度先減小后增大。皮層交聯(lián)度、厚度、表面粗糙度和基膜阻力的共同作用使得反滲透膜的水通量隨基膜鑄膜液中PANI含量的增加先增大后減小,基膜孔徑減小使皮層高分子材料在壓力下的應變減小,皮層交聯(lián)度和皮層高分子材料應變的共同作用使得反滲透膜的鹽截留率先增大后減小。通過在基膜鑄膜液中添加聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)調控基膜的組成和結構,并制備CO2分離膜。隨著PVP添加量的增大,基膜表面羰基含量增加,表面平均孔徑、孔密度和孔隙率均先增大后減小�；け砻骠驶c皮層材料聚乙烯基胺(PVAm)形成氫鍵,使基膜和皮層界面處更加致密,滲透性能降低,擴散選擇性能提高�；た讖捷^小時,皮層材料向孔內的滲漏程度小,有利于膜滲透性提高�；け砻婵酌芏群涂紫堵瘦^高時,部分氣體在基膜和皮層界面的擴散路徑減短,有利于滲透性提高。氫鍵以及表面孔徑、孔密度和孔隙率的共同作用使得復合膜的CO2滲透速率和CO2/N2分離因子均隨著基膜鑄膜液中PVP含量的增大先增大后減小。此外,使用乙醇溶液處理后基膜所制復合膜滲透性能提高�？疾炝朔侨軇┩ㄟ^涂層底面入侵對膜中大空穴生成的影響。涂在玻璃板上的涂層邊緣先從玻璃板上剝離,非溶劑進入涂層底面和玻璃板之間的縫隙并侵入涂層底面,形成大空穴。溶劑和非溶劑通過無紡布縫隙交換,使無紡布支撐的膜中產(chǎn)生大空穴。通過在凝固浴中加入溶劑,能夠抑制無紡布支撐的膜中大空穴的生成,制備具有較好耐壓性的基膜。
[Abstract]:Reverse osmosis membrane and CO2 separation membrane were prepared by using the base membrane with different composition and structure parameters. The effects of the composition and structure of the base membrane on the structure and properties of the composite membrane were studied.In the process of immersion precipitation phase transformation, the influence of non-solvent invasion on the formation of large holes in the film was investigated, and the substrate film with good pressure resistance was prepared.Three commercial base membranes with different pore sizes were used to prepare reverse osmosis membranes by soaking them in surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution.The pore diameter of the base membrane and the SDS solution soaking affect the cross-linking degree of the reverse osmosis membrane, the thickness of the cortex, the roughness of the surface and the strain of the polymer material in the cortex, and then affect the properties of the reverse osmosis membrane.The water flux and salt retention rate of reverse osmosis membrane first increased and then decreased with the increase of the pore size of the base membrane. When the pore diameter of the base membrane increased to 9.8 nm, the water flux of reverse osmosis membrane decreased with the treatment of SDS solution.The salt retention rate increased with the treatment of SDS solution, and the water flux and salt retention rate of reverse osmosis membrane increased with the treatment of SDS solution when the pore diameter of the membrane was larger.In order to prepare reverse osmosis membrane, the composition and structure of the base film were regulated by adding the dedoped Polyaniline (pani) nano-material to the casting solution of the base membrane.With the increase of PANI content, the surface amino content of the substrate increases, the pore size decreases and the porosity increases.With the increase of PANI, the water flux of the base membrane increases, that is, the resistance of the base membrane to water decreases.The cross-linking degree and surface roughness of the reverse osmosis membrane increased firstly and then decreased, and the thickness of the cortex decreased first and then increased due to the interaction of surface amino and pore size.The effects of cortical crosslinking degree, thickness, surface roughness and substrate resistance make the water flux of reverse osmosis membrane increase first and then decrease with the increase of PANI content in the casting solution of reverse osmosis membrane.The decrease of the pore size of the base membrane makes the strain of the cortical polymer material decrease under the pressure, and the joint action of the cortical crosslinking degree and the strain of the cortical polymer material makes the salt retention of the reverse osmosis membrane increase first and then decrease.The composition and structure of the base membrane were regulated by adding polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into the casting solution of the base membrane and the CO2 separation membrane was prepared.With the increase of PVP content, the carbonyl content on the substrate surface increases, and the average surface pore size, pore density and porosity increase first and then decrease.The carbonyl group on the surface of the substrate formed a hydrogen bond with the cortical material polyvinylamine (PVA), which made the interface between the substrate and the cortex more compact, the permeability decreased, and the diffusion selectivity improved.When the pore diameter of the base membrane is small, the leakage of the cortical material to the pore is small, which is beneficial to the improvement of membrane permeability.When the pore density and porosity of the substrate surface are high, the diffusion path of some gases at the interface between the substrate and the cortex is reduced, which is beneficial to the improvement of permeability.The interaction of hydrogen bond, surface pore size, pore density and porosity makes the CO2 permeation rate and CO2/N2 separation factor of the composite membrane increase firstly and then decrease with the increase of PVP content in the casting solution of the composite membrane.In addition, the permeability of the composite membrane treated with ethanol solution was improved.The influence of non-solvent invasion on the formation of large holes in the film was investigated.The edge of the coating coated on the glass plate is removed from the glass plate at first. The non-solvent enters the gap between the coating bottom and the glass plate and invades the coating bottom to form a large hole.Solvent and non-solvent are exchanged through the gap of non-woven fabric, so that large holes are produced in the film supported by non-woven cloth.By adding solvent in the coagulation bath, the formation of large holes in the film supported by non-woven cloth can be inhibited, and the base film with good pressure resistance can be prepared.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ051.893

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