本文選題：電石 + 密閉爐��； 參考：《北京化工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：十八大召開以來,國(guó)家出臺(tái)一系列關(guān)于企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)、行業(yè)準(zhǔn)入條件及電石產(chǎn)品能耗限額等相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策和新標(biāo)準(zhǔn),隨著新《環(huán)保法》(2014修訂)的實(shí)施,電石行業(yè)節(jié)能降耗、環(huán)境保護(hù)工作已成為決定電石企業(yè)生死存亡的重要工作。我國(guó)電石工業(yè)屬于結(jié)構(gòu)性產(chǎn)能過剩的產(chǎn)業(yè),受下游聚氯乙烯市場(chǎng)持續(xù)低迷的影響及表觀消費(fèi)量限制,2014年我國(guó)擁有4183萬噸電石產(chǎn)能,開工率僅為62%,而電石生產(chǎn)的能耗居高不下,一直是困擾電石工業(yè)發(fā)展的一道難題。本文以電石節(jié)能降耗的影響因素為研究對(duì)象,全面系統(tǒng)的介紹了電石行業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及節(jié)能技術(shù),對(duì)電石生產(chǎn)理論及能耗影響因素的進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的分析；結(jié)合生產(chǎn)實(shí)際,緊緊圍繞改善電石生產(chǎn)原材料質(zhì)量、先進(jìn)的節(jié)能技術(shù)裝備、生產(chǎn)操作控制的有效經(jīng)驗(yàn)、固廢綜合利用等方面多項(xiàng)降低能耗的有效措施來進(jìn)行總結(jié)分析,最終通過能耗核算和效果評(píng)估,取得了較好節(jié)能降耗效益,主要研究成果是：1.通過對(duì)電石生產(chǎn)理論、能耗影響因素分析總結(jié)出降低能耗應(yīng)從改善焦炭、蘭炭、石灰、電極糊等原輔料質(zhì)量、降低粉末產(chǎn)生量、爐氣綜合利用、使用節(jié)能技術(shù)及大型裝備以及保障電石爐平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行等方面采取措施,才能降低電石生產(chǎn)電耗、物耗及綜合能耗。2.通過有效實(shí)施各項(xiàng)節(jié)能措施取得了較好的節(jié)能效益,測(cè)算如下：(1)采用麥爾茲雙膛窯技術(shù)降低了石灰生過燒,綜合利用的電石爐產(chǎn)生的CO尾氣,年節(jié)約標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤為142560tec。(2)對(duì)石灰石上料篩網(wǎng)改造,篩分站石灰、焦炭篩網(wǎng)改造,年降低石灰廢料5.1萬噸,石灰粉8760噸,焦炭粉末6570噸,直接降低綜合能耗6382tec,產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)效益950萬元。(3)通過實(shí)施新增1臺(tái)立式烘干窯1.104萬噸,新建5臺(tái)三筒烘干窯以及對(duì)電石碳材上料系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了改造等節(jié)能項(xiàng)目,降低了碳材破損率,節(jié)約焦炭64458噸,降低綜合能耗62615tec.(4)結(jié)合實(shí)際生產(chǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),通過采取對(duì)PLC自控技術(shù)的改造,摸索了加強(qiáng)電石爐電極管理經(jīng)驗(yàn),改善爐體密封效果,保障了電石爐長(zhǎng)周期滿負(fù)荷平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行,為生產(chǎn)節(jié)能降耗奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。(5)通過對(duì)電石爐凈化灰集中收集并回收利用,對(duì)碳材輸送及篩分系統(tǒng)的除塵灰、篩余物固體廢料進(jìn)行回收利用以及對(duì)現(xiàn)有單筒烘干窯改造等固廢回收利用項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施,年降低電石生產(chǎn)綜合能耗152469tce。3.本文結(jié)合生產(chǎn)實(shí)際對(duì)電石生產(chǎn)未來節(jié)能降耗工作提出了相關(guān)建議。
[Abstract]:Since the 18th National Congress, the state has issued a series of related industrial policies and new standards on enterprise restructuring, transformation and upgrading, industry access conditions and energy consumption limits for calcium carbide products, with the implementation of the new "Environmental Protection Law" revised in 2014.Energy saving and consumption reduction in calcium carbide industry, environmental protection has become an important work to determine the survival of calcium carbide enterprises.The calcium carbide industry in our country belongs to the industry with structural overcapacity. Under the influence of the continuous downturn of the downstream PVC market and the limitation of apparent consumption, China has 41.83 million tons of calcium carbide production capacity in 2014, and the operating rate is only 622%, while the energy consumption of calcium carbide production is high.Calcium carbide industry has been plagued by the development of a difficult problem.Taking the influencing factors of calcium carbide energy saving and consumption reduction as the research object, this paper comprehensively and systematically introduces the development status and energy saving technology of calcium carbide industry, analyzes the theory of calcium carbide production and the influencing factors of energy consumption in detail, and combines the production practice,Closely focusing on improving the quality of raw materials for calcium carbide production, advanced energy-saving technology and equipment, effective experience in production operation control, comprehensive utilization of solid waste and other effective measures to reduce energy consumption are summarized and analyzed.Finally, through energy consumption accounting and effect evaluation, better energy saving and consumption reduction benefits have been achieved, the main research results are: 1. 1.Through the analysis of the theory of calcium carbide production and the factors affecting energy consumption, it is concluded that the reduction of energy consumption should include improving the quality of raw materials such as coke, blue charcoal, lime and electrode paste, reducing powder production and comprehensive utilization of furnace gas.Only by using energy saving technology, large equipment and ensuring the smooth operation of calcium carbide furnace, can we reduce the electricity consumption, material consumption and comprehensive energy consumption of calcium carbide production.Through the effective implementation of various energy-saving measures, a better energy-saving benefit has been obtained. The following is calculated as follows: 1) the use of the Melz double-hearth kiln technology has reduced the CO tail gas produced by lime overburning and comprehensive utilization of calcium carbide furnaces.The standard coal saved per year is 142560tec.f2) the lime and coke screen in the screening station are reformed, the waste of lime is reduced by 51000 tons per year, the powder of lime is 8760 tons, and the powder of coke is 6570 tons.Direct reduction of comprehensive energy consumption 6382tec, economic benefit of 9.5 million yuan, 11040 tons of new vertical drying kilns, 5 new three-barrel drying kilns, and renovation of calcium carbide carbon feeding system have reduced the damage rate of carbon materials.Saving 64458 tons of coke and reducing comprehensive energy consumption (62615tec.f4) combined with practical production experience, through the reform of PLC automatic control technology, the experience of strengthening electrode management of calcium carbide furnace and improving the sealing effect of furnace body are explored.It ensures the steady operation of calcium carbide furnace with long period full load, and lays a solid foundation for production, energy saving and consumption reduction. Through the centralized collection and recycling of purifying ash from calcium carbide furnace, it can remove dust and dust from carbon conveying and screening system.In order to reduce the comprehensive energy consumption of calcium carbide production 152469tce.3.This paper puts forward some suggestions for the future energy saving and consumption reduction of calcium carbide production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ161

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