本文選題：泄漏場(chǎng)景 + HAZOP/LOPA　； 參考：《中國石油大學(xué)(華東)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：儲(chǔ)罐泄漏場(chǎng)景中,液位控制系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng)會(huì)加劇泄漏事故的發(fā)生,影響保護(hù)層獨(dú)立性,給場(chǎng)景發(fā)生頻率的計(jì)算及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)的評(píng)估帶來較大誤差,該現(xiàn)象屬于共因失效(Common Cause Failure,CCF)的一種,同時(shí)也屬于系統(tǒng)性失效(Systematic Failure)的范疇。鑒于共因失效模式的傳統(tǒng)分析對(duì)象為控制系統(tǒng)元件的隨機(jī)性失效,對(duì)控制系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)行情況下的系統(tǒng)性共因失效鮮有研究,使得對(duì)此類場(chǎng)景分析的需求愈顯迫切,因此,本文將結(jié)合共因失效和系統(tǒng)性失效的概念進(jìn)行液位控制系統(tǒng)對(duì)泄漏場(chǎng)景響應(yīng)的影響分析。首先,本文以液相儲(chǔ)罐泄漏場(chǎng)景中的控制系統(tǒng)(BPCS/SIS)為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)引例中控制系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)加劇泄漏事故的繼續(xù)提出假設(shè),帶入系統(tǒng)性共因失效概念,并進(jìn)行歸納;以中國石油大學(xué)(華東)管道泄漏及氣體擴(kuò)散測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)作為平臺(tái),進(jìn)行儲(chǔ)罐泄漏基本過程控制系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn),通過泄漏強(qiáng)度實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)總結(jié)對(duì)比響應(yīng)前后泄漏強(qiáng)度的變化規(guī)律對(duì)引例提出的假設(shè)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證;選取罐體(某大型燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)離心壓縮機(jī)組旋流器工藝部分)作為案例,利用實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象及規(guī)律,參照國內(nèi)外相關(guān)化工裝備HAZOP/LOPA分析體系和方法,針對(duì)裝置泄漏場(chǎng)景進(jìn)行LOPA分析,從而對(duì)現(xiàn)有控制系統(tǒng)保護(hù)層響應(yīng)情況進(jìn)行比對(duì),判斷此類響應(yīng)對(duì)泄漏事故的正負(fù)面影響,提出系統(tǒng)性共因失效模式的產(chǎn)生機(jī)制并利用可靠性框圖(Reliability Block Diagram,RBD)對(duì)其進(jìn)行研究,同時(shí)開展半定量評(píng)估分析,得到現(xiàn)有保護(hù)層實(shí)際的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低因子(RRF)以及所需添加的保護(hù)層失效概率(Probabilty of Failure on Demand,PFD);類比共因失效(隨機(jī)性失效)中β因子的意義,建立系統(tǒng)性共因失效的ε因子,對(duì)控制系統(tǒng)保護(hù)層在設(shè)計(jì)中存在的系統(tǒng)性共因失效進(jìn)行評(píng)估,并利用馬爾科夫(Markov)模型,對(duì)存在系統(tǒng)性共因失效的保護(hù)層PFD進(jìn)行分析。最后,研究成果應(yīng)用于工程實(shí)際,針對(duì)泄漏場(chǎng)景下控制系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)后果的不確定性,確定其正負(fù)面影響,即在泄漏場(chǎng)景下部分控制系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng)將導(dǎo)致對(duì)比無控制狀態(tài)的泄漏強(qiáng)度加劇,基于泄漏強(qiáng)度變化規(guī)律的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析,為泄漏場(chǎng)景的LOPA分析提供理論依據(jù)及科學(xué)參考;結(jié)合案例的HAZOP/LOPA分析,利用控制系統(tǒng)泄漏場(chǎng)景影響分析及系統(tǒng)性共因失效分析,對(duì)泄漏場(chǎng)景的LOPA分析進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,并建立ε因子為衡量控制系統(tǒng)保護(hù)層受場(chǎng)景影響的敏感度提供參考。
[Abstract]:In the tank leakage scenario, the response of the liquid level control system will aggravate the leakage accident, affect the independence of the protection layer, and bring great error to the calculation of the occurrence frequency of the scene and the evaluation of the risk level.This phenomenon belongs to the common Cause failure (CCF) and the systematic failure system failure (CCF).Since the traditional analysis object of common cause failure mode is the random failure of control system components, there is little research on systematic common cause failure under normal operation of control system, which makes the demand for this kind of scene analysis more urgent.In this paper, the effects of level control system on the response of leakage scene are analyzed by combining the concepts of common cause failure and systematic failure.Firstly, this paper takes the control system BPCS / SISS in the liquid storage tank leakage scene as the research object, puts forward the hypothesis of the control system response to aggravate the leakage accident in the example, and brings into the concept of systematic common cause failure, and sums up it.Taking the pipeline leakage and gas diffusion test system of China University of Petroleum (East China) as the platform, the response experiment of the basic process control system for the tank leakage is carried out.The hypothesis proposed in this paper is verified by summarizing and contrasting the variation law of leakage intensity before and after response by the experimental data of leakage strength, and the tank (the process of a large gas turbine driven centrifugal compressor hydrocyclone) is selected as an example.According to the experimental phenomenon and law, referring to the HAZOP/LOPA analysis system and method of chemical equipment at home and abroad, the leakage scene of the plant is analyzed by LOPA, and the response of the protective layer of the existing control system is compared.To judge the positive and negative effects of this kind of response on the leakage accident, the mechanism of systematic common cause failure mode is put forward, and the reliability Block diagram is used to study it. At the same time, the semi-quantitative evaluation analysis is carried out.The actual risk reduction factor (RRFF) of the existing protective layer and the failure probability of the protective layer (Probabilty of Failure on demand PFDs) are obtained, and the 蔚 factor of systematic common cause failure is established by analogy with the meaning of 尾 factor in the common cause failure (random failure).The systematic common cause failure in the design of the protective layer of the control system is evaluated, and the PFD of the protective layer with systematic common cause failure is analyzed by using Markov Markov model.Finally, the research results are applied to the engineering practice, aiming at the uncertainty of the response consequences of the control system under the leakage scenario, the positive and negative effects are determined.That is, the response of part of the control system under the leakage scenario will lead to the intensification of the leakage intensity compared with the non-controlled state. The experimental data analysis based on the law of the leakage intensity change provides the theoretical basis and scientific reference for the LOPA analysis of the leakage scene.Combined with the HAZOP/LOPA analysis of the case, the LOPA analysis of the leakage scene is optimized by using the impact analysis of the leakage scene of the control system and the systematic common cause failure analysis.The 蔚 factor is also established to measure the sensitivity of the protection layer of the control system affected by the scene.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ086;TP273

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