本文選題：生物質(zhì)碳材料　切入點(diǎn)：雙電層電容器　出處：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：碳材料由于具有良好的導(dǎo)電性、熱穩(wěn)定性、高比表面積、較高的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度等特點(diǎn),在吸附材料、催化材料、電極材料、生物載體等領(lǐng)域都具有良好的應(yīng)用前景,近年來(lái)受到了國(guó)際上眾多學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注�，F(xiàn)階段,碳材料的主要原料來(lái)源還主要依賴于石油、煤炭等礦產(chǎn)資源,而隨著這些不可再生資源的日益消耗,這些資源的可開(kāi)采年限正在急劇減少,因此,尋找一種可替代的可再生資源用于制備高活性的碳材料迫在眉睫。生物質(zhì)資源如作物秸稈、林業(yè)剩余物、禽畜糞便等,不僅具有廉價(jià)、來(lái)源廣泛、環(huán)境友好等優(yōu)點(diǎn),其碳材料一般還含有豐富的羥基、羧基等含氧官能團(tuán),這些官能團(tuán)在催化材料、電極材料、生物載體等領(lǐng)域都具有十分重要的作用,近年來(lái)受到了學(xué)術(shù)界的廣泛關(guān)注。近十年來(lái),科學(xué)家針對(duì)生物質(zhì)碳材料來(lái)源、生物質(zhì)碳材料制備方法和生物質(zhì)碳材料活化機(jī)理三個(gè)方面都做了系統(tǒng)的研究。在研究過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn),生物質(zhì)原材料經(jīng)過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的高溫碳化后其比表面積仍然無(wú)法滿足吸附材料、電極材料的要求。因此,在生物質(zhì)碳材料制備過(guò)程中常需加入活化劑對(duì)生物質(zhì)碳材料進(jìn)行活化處理,而常用的活化劑如強(qiáng)堿、強(qiáng)酸、強(qiáng)堿鹽等長(zhǎng)期使用會(huì)腐蝕工業(yè)設(shè)備增加企業(yè)成本,這一直是生物質(zhì)碳材料工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)中的存在的問(wèn)題。針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題,本論文選用纖維素為碳源,探究NaH2PO4、ZnCl2以及其混合鹽溶液對(duì)生物質(zhì)碳材料微觀形貌、孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)、電容性能的影響及活化機(jī)理。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:(1)NaH2PO4溶液可通過(guò)提高碳材料的石墨化程度,提升碳材料在電解液中的潤(rùn)濕性和導(dǎo)電性,從而改善纖維素碳材料的電容性能。纖維素碳材料的石墨化程度和NaH2PO4溶液濃度有著密切關(guān)系,當(dāng)NaH2PO4溶液濃度為200mg/mL時(shí),纖維素碳材料比電容提升效果最明顯,在1 Ag-1的電流密度下,其比電容可達(dá)到123 Fg-1。(2)ZnCl2溶液可通過(guò)提高碳材料的比表面積,并引進(jìn)大量含氧官能團(tuán),加速電解液中的電荷在多孔碳材料中的傳遞,從而改善纖維素碳材料的電容性能。纖維素碳材料的多孔結(jié)構(gòu)和ZnCl2溶液濃度有著密切關(guān)系,當(dāng)ZnCl2溶液濃度為100 mg/mL時(shí),纖維素碳材料比電容提升效果最明顯,在1Ag-1的電流密度下,其比電容可達(dá)到141.4Fg-1;(3)NaH2PO4-ZnCl2溶液可通過(guò)調(diào)整纖維素碳材料的微孔與介孔比例,制備磷元素?fù)诫s的等級(jí)多孔結(jié)構(gòu)的碳材料進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化纖維素碳材料的電容性能。纖維素碳材料的等級(jí)多孔結(jié)構(gòu)和NaH2PO4-ZnCl2溶液濃度比例有著密切關(guān)系,當(dāng)NaH2PO4-ZnCl2溶液濃度都為100mgmL-1時(shí),纖維素碳材料比電容提升效果最明顯,在1Ag-1的電流密度下,其比電容可達(dá)到195.1 F g-1;(4)以最佳優(yōu)化條件制備的PZCC100碳材料為電極組裝對(duì)稱性雙電層電容器,在6MKOH電解液中所能達(dá)到最大的能量密度可達(dá)到4.7 Whkg-1,明顯高于許多已報(bào)道的碳材料雙電層電容器,且具有十分優(yōu)異的電化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性,循環(huán)10000次后電容基本無(wú)明顯衰減,仍能保持在原比電容的96.7%左右。
[Abstract]:Carbon material due to its electrical conductivity, good thermal stability, high surface area, high mechanical strength, the adsorption materials, catalytic materials, electrode materials, and has good application prospects in areas such as biological carrier, in recent years by international scholars wide attention. At present, the main raw material of carbon source the material is mainly dependent on oil, coal and other mineral resources, and with the increasing consumption of these non renewable resources, these resources can be exploited is drastically reduced, therefore, looking for an alternative and renewable resource for imminent preparation of high active carbon materials. Biomass resources such as crop straw, forestry residues, livestock feces, not only has the advantages of low cost, wide source, environmentally friendly, the carbon material generally is also rich in hydroxyl, carboxyl functional groups, these functional groups in catalytic materials, electrode Materials, plays an important role in areas such as biological carrier, in recent years has been widespread concern in academic circles. In the past ten years, scientists at the biomass carbon source material, three aspects of biomass carbon materials and preparation methods of biomass carbon materials activation mechanism were systematically studied. During the course of the study, biomass the raw material after high temperature carbonization simple after the surface area is still unable to meet the requirements of adsorption materials, electrode materials. Therefore, the biomass carbon materials in the preparation process often need to add activator of biomass based carbon materials were activated, and the activation agent such as alkali, acid alkali salt commonly used, long-term use will increase the enterprise the cost of corrosion of industrial equipment, which has been the problem of biomass carbon materials in industrial production. In order to solve this problem, this paper adopts cellulose as the carbon source, research NaH2PO4, ZnCl2 and The mixed salt solution on biomass carbon material microstructure, pore structure, and the influence mechanism of activation capacitance performance. Experimental results show that: (1) NaH2PO4 solution can improve the degree of graphitization of carbon materials, carbon materials enhance the wettability and conductivity in the electrolyte, thus improving the capacitance properties of cellulose carbon materials graphite. The degree of concentration of NaH2PO4 and cellulose carbon materials have a close relationship, when the NaH2PO4 concentration is 200mg/mL, the cellulose specific capacitance of carbon material enhance the most obvious effect on the current density of 1 Ag-1, the specific capacitance can reach 123 Fg-1. (2) ZnCl2 solution by increasing the specific surface area of carbon materials, and the introduction of a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups, accelerating charge in the electrolyte in the porous carbon material transfer, thereby improving the capacitance performance of carbon materials cellulose. Cellulose carbon material of the porous structure and the concentration of ZnCl2 solution is A close relationship, when the ZnCl2 concentration is 100 mg/mL, the specific capacitance of cellulose carbon materials to enhance the effect, the current density of 1Ag-1, the specific capacitance can reach 141.4Fg-1; (3) NaH2PO4-ZnCl2 solution by adjusting the proportion of cellulose microporous and mesoporous carbon material, the capacitance performance level of the porous structures of carbon materials preparation of phosphorus doped carbon materials to further optimize the cellulose. Cellulose carbon material grade porous structure and NaH2PO4-ZnCl2 concentration ratio has a close relationship, when the NaH2PO4-ZnCl2 concentration is 100mgmL-1, the cellulose specific capacitance of carbon material, enhance the most obvious effect on the current density of 1Ag-1, the specific capacitance can reach 195.1 F g-1; (4) PZCC100 carbon materials to the optimization conditions for preparation of electrode assembly symmetry of electric double layer capacitor, which can achieve the maximum energy density can reach 4.7 W in 6MKOH solution. Hkg-1 is much higher than many of the reported carbon materials, and has excellent electrochemical stability. After 10000 cycles, the capacitance is basically not attenuated, and it can still maintain about 96.7% of the original capacitance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ127.11;TM53
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本文編號(hào)：1722783