本文選題：隧道水泥路面　切入點：抗滑表層　出處：《長安大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：隧道水泥混凝土路面在行車荷載的作用下易被磨光,逐漸失去抗滑性能而引發(fā)交通事故。水泥砂漿可作為抗滑表層對隧道水泥路面進行養(yǎng)護和修補,有效恢復(fù)水泥路面的路表功能。但普通水泥砂漿存在脆性大、韌性不足的缺陷,與舊路面粘結(jié)效果較差,且在荷載作用及隧道復(fù)雜環(huán)境中抗滑性能發(fā)生快速衰減,導(dǎo)致養(yǎng)護工作失敗,因而開發(fā)應(yīng)用耐久性能良好的新型隧道水泥路面抗滑表層材料己成為公路行業(yè)的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。本文針對公路隧道特殊的酸性、油污及潮濕環(huán)境,對現(xiàn)有聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc)進行改性,制備出耐水性能優(yōu)良的改性聚醋酸乙烯酯(P(BA-VAc))乳液,并將其用于水泥砂漿改性,研究了P(BA-VAc)乳液對水泥砂漿物理及力學(xué)特性的影響;開發(fā)了一種三輪加速磨耗儀,可模擬汽車輪胎與抗滑表層的磨損行為;提出了以“抗滑耐久性、粘結(jié)性、耐化學(xué)腐蝕性”為組成的隧道路面聚合物水泥抗滑砂漿的耐久性能評價體系,主要研究內(nèi)容如下:采用具有耐水基團的丙烯酸丁酯(BA)對PVAc進行改性,制備了單體轉(zhuǎn)化率超過97%的P(BA-VAc)乳液,通過乳液粒徑分布、乳液穩(wěn)定性、膠膜耐水性等評價了改性乳液的綜合性能,并通過紅外光譜分析、透射電鏡分析等表征了聚合物的微觀結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)果表明改性單體BA與VAc相容性較好,且能夠改善聚合物膠膜的耐水性和柔韌性。采用P(BA-VAc)、苯丙、丁苯、氯丁等乳液制備了聚合物改性水泥砂漿,并通過流動度、凝結(jié)時間、保水率、吸水率及干縮率等評價了聚合物改性砂漿的物理性能;通過抗折性能、抗壓性能及抗拉性能評價了聚合物改性砂漿的力學(xué)特性;通過掃描電鏡(SEM)觀測了聚合物改性砂漿的微觀形貌。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)P(BA-VAc)乳液可有效改善水泥砂漿的物理性能與力學(xué)特性,且在P(BA-VAc)摻量為10%~15%時整體性能較佳;SEM測試結(jié)果表明P(BA-VAc)膠膜可有效填充水泥砂漿的內(nèi)部孔隙,在水化產(chǎn)物與集料之間起到橋接作用,使水泥石結(jié)構(gòu)致密。采用擺式摩擦系數(shù)測試儀及動態(tài)摩擦系數(shù)測試儀(DFT)評價了聚合物砂漿的抗滑性能,采用水泥膠砂耐磨試驗儀、濕輪磨耗試驗儀及自主開發(fā)的三輪加速磨耗儀評價了水泥砂漿抗滑表層的耐磨性能,并對磨耗前后的試件進行抗滑性能對比研究,提出了聚合物改性砂漿加鋪層的抗滑耐久性評價方法。研究結(jié)果表明,P(BA-VAc)乳液可有效改善水泥砂漿的抗滑性能,砂漿的抗滑系數(shù)隨著聚合物摻量增加變化不明顯,但耐磨性能隨乳液增加而得到明顯改善;不同聚合物對水泥砂漿抗滑耐久性能改善效果不同,其中P(BA-VAc)、苯丙及丁苯乳液對可有效改善砂漿的抗滑耐久性;而氯丁、VAE乳液對砂漿的抗滑耐久性改善效果不明顯。采用抗折粘結(jié)試驗、“8”字模拉伸粘結(jié)試驗及Positest粘結(jié)力試驗評價了聚合物水泥砂漿與舊水泥試件間的粘結(jié)性能,并推薦了三種測試方法的適用環(huán)境;分別研究了不同界面處理方式、界面劑類型及養(yǎng)護制度對粘結(jié)性能的影響,確定了最佳的處理方案;此外,采用SEM觀測了新舊試件界面間的粘結(jié)狀況,通過X射線光電子能譜(XPS)分析聚合物水泥砂漿中各組成材料間存在的化學(xué)反應(yīng)情況。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):P(BA-VAc)乳液可顯著改善水泥砂漿的粘結(jié)強度,改性砂漿與舊水泥試件間的粘結(jié)強度隨P(BA-VAc)摻量的增加而增加;建議室內(nèi)試驗采用抗折粘結(jié)試驗和Positest粘結(jié)試驗測試結(jié)果聯(lián)合使用,室外檢測可采用Positest粘結(jié)試驗;建議對舊試件進行鑿毛潔凈處理,且選擇與其配比相同的聚合物水泥漿作為界面劑,試件脫模后前期采用90%濕度養(yǎng)護,后期采用60%濕度養(yǎng)護;水泥凈漿試樣表面存在氣孔,P(BA-VAc)乳液會滲入孔內(nèi),形成一定的嵌入深度,并緊密地粘附在水泥凈漿的表面,而石英巖表面結(jié)構(gòu)致密,聚合物乳液較難滲入其內(nèi)部形成嵌入結(jié)構(gòu),僅僅附著在石英巖表面;P(BA-VAc)乳液與石英砂及水泥石中的Ca(OH)2在界面上均發(fā)生了化學(xué)反應(yīng),其與Ca(OH)2的化學(xué)位移效應(yīng)高于石英砂。研究了P(BA-VAc)改性砂漿經(jīng)硫酸、硝酸、氫氧化鈉、硫酸鈉和汽油腐蝕后的強度殘留比,并通過掃描電鏡(SEM)觀測了砂漿的微觀形貌,采用X射線衍射儀(XRD)分析了經(jīng)腐蝕后砂漿的物質(zhì)組成,結(jié)果表明:水泥砂漿耐硫酸、硝酸腐蝕性能較差,但P(BA-VAc)乳液可有效改善砂漿的耐酸腐蝕性能;P(BA-VAc)乳液可一定程度改善水泥砂漿的耐硫酸鹽酸腐蝕性能;高含量PVAc改性砂漿可應(yīng)用于堿性環(huán)境;油污對普通水泥砂漿和聚合物水泥砂漿腐蝕效果均不明顯;P(BA-VAc)膠膜可填充水泥砂漿的內(nèi)部孔隙,有效阻塞了腐蝕介質(zhì)進入,P(BA-VAc)膠膜同時具有彈性,可吸收膨脹應(yīng)力,降低了膨脹破壞發(fā)生,從而改善砂漿的耐腐蝕性能。
[Abstract]:Cement concrete pavement in tunnel traffic loads to be polished, losing skid resistance caused by traffic accidents. Cement mortar can be used as anti slide surface of maintenance and repair of tunnel cement concrete pavement, cement pavement effectively restore function. But the ordinary cement mortar has high brittleness, low toughness and poor defects. The old pavement bonding effect, and the loads in the tunnel and the complex environment anti sliding performance rapid attenuation, resulting in failure of maintenance work, thus the development of new tunnel cement concrete pavement application of good durability anti slide surface material has become a pressing matter of the moment of the highway industry. Aiming at the highway tunnel special acidic oil and humid environment, the existing polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) was modified to prepare excellent waterproof properties of modified polyvinyl acetate emulsion (P (BA-VAc)), which are used for modification of cement mortar, Study of P (BA-VAc) emulsion effect on physical and mechanical properties of cement mortar; developed a three accelerated wear tester, which can simulate the automobile tire and sliding wear behavior of the surface; put forward to the "anti slide durability, adhesion, durability evaluation system of chemical corrosion resistance for tunnel pavement polymer cement the composition of anti slide mortar, the main research contents are as follows: using butyl acrylate with water group (BA) modification of PVAc, the monomer conversion rate of more than 97% of the P (BA-VAc) was prepared by emulsion, emulsion particle size distribution, emulsion stability, film water resistance to evaluate the comprehensive performance of modified emulsion, and through infrared spectrum analysis, the microstructure of polymer was characterized by transmission electron microscopy analysis. The results showed that modified monomers BA and VAc had good compatibility, and can improve the polymer film water resistance and flexibility. Using P (BA-VAc), propyl benzene, Styrene butadiene emulsion was prepared, chlorine and other polymer modified cement mortar, and the fluidity, setting time, water retention rate, water absorption rate and dry shrinkage to evaluate the physical properties of polymer modified mortar; the flexural properties, tensile properties and compressive performance evaluation of mechanical properties of the polymer modified mortar by scanning; electron microscopy (SEM) observations of the morphology of polymer modified mortar. The study found that P (BA-VAc) emulsion can improve the physical properties and mechanical properties of cement mortar, and the P (BA-VAc) content is 10%~15% when the overall performance is better; SEM test results show that the P (BA-VAc) internal pore film can effectively filled with cement mortar, plays a bridging role between hydration products and aggregate, make the structure of cement stone density. Using the pendulum friction coefficient tester tester and dynamic friction coefficient (DFT) to evaluate the anti slide performance of polymer mortar, using cement mortar Abrasion tester, wet abrasion tester and self-developed three accelerated abrasion tester cement mortar anti sliding wear resistance and wear on the surface of the evaluation of the samples before and after comparison of the performance of anti slide, the polymer modified mortar and durability evaluation method of anti slip layer. The results showed that P (BA-VAc) emulsion can effectively improve the anti slide performance of cement mortar, sliding coefficient with polymer content did not change significantly increased resistance of mortar, but with the increase of wear resistance of emulsion was improved; different polymer cement mortar can improve the durability of anti slide effect, in which P (BA-VAc), styrene and butadiene the emulsion can effectively improve the durability of anti slip mortar; and neoprene, VAE emulsion to improve the durability of anti slide effect is not obvious. The mortar flexural bond test, "8" font tensile test and Positest adhesion force test The polymer cement mortar and cement bond performance between, and recommend the applicable environment of the three kinds of test methods; different interface processing methods were studied, effects of agent and curing system on the bonding properties of the interface, to determine the optimal processing scheme; in addition, using SEM observations of the old and new test piece bonding condition the interface between the X by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the various components of the polymer cement mortar material between the presence of a chemical reaction. The study found: P (BA-VAc) emulsion can significantly improve the bonding strength of cement mortar, modified mortar and the bond strength between old cement test with P (BA-VAc) increased volume increased; indoor experiment using flexural bond test and Positest bond test results combined with the outdoor can be tested by Positest bond test; suggestions for cutting hair clean treatment on old specimens, and the selection and The ratio of the same polymer cement mortar as interfacial agent, the specimen after stripping early with 90% humidity curing, the 60% humidity curing; there are pores in cement sample surface, P (BA-VAc) emulsion will seep into the hole, forming a certain depth of embedding, and closely adhered on the surface of cement paste, and quartz rock compact surface structure, polymer emulsion is difficult to penetrate into the internal formation of embedded structure, only attached to the silica surface; P (BA-VAc) emulsion with quartz sand and cement stone in Ca (OH) 2 occurred at the interface of chemical reaction, and the Ca (OH) chemical shift effect 2 higher than that of quartz sand of P (BA-VAc) mortar modified by sulfuric acid, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfate corrosion and gasoline after the residual strength ratio, and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology of mortar were measured by X ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of substances by the corrosion of mortar The results show that the cement mortar, resistance to sulfuric acid, nitric acid corrosion resistance is poor, but P (BA-VAc) emulsion can improve the corrosion resistance of mortar; P (BA-VAc) emulsion cement mortar can improve the resistance to corrosion of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid; high content of PVAc modified mortar can be used in alkaline environment; oil of Portland cement polymer mortar and cement mortar corrosion effects are not obvious; P (BA-VAc) internal pore film can be filled with cement mortar, effectively blocking the corrosion medium into the P (BA-VAc), the film also has elasticity, can absorb the expansion stress, reduces swelling damage occurred, so as to improve the corrosion resistance of the mortar.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ177.62

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