本文選題：鹽(鹵)水　切入點：碘　出處：《北京化工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：燒堿與我們?nèi)粘Ｉ詈蜕a(chǎn)都有著密不可分的聯(lián)系,在印染、紡織、冶金等行業(yè)中應(yīng)用廣泛。在工業(yè)制備燒堿的工藝中,主要采用的是離子膜燒堿法。其原理是原料鹽水在利用離子交換膜分隔開的陽極室和陰極室中進行電解,根據(jù)離子交換膜所具有的選擇透過性,制得所需的燒堿。離子交換膜的使用壽命直接影響到工業(yè)生產(chǎn)燒堿的品質(zhì)、產(chǎn)率和成本。其中,影響離子交換膜使用壽命的主要因素為在原料鹽水中是否含有雜質(zhì)。例如：Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、Al3+、Hg2+、Mg2+、 Ni2+、Fe2+、Al3+、I-、SO42-等離子會影響電槽的電壓電流等等。其中金屬陽離子可以通過沉淀法及螯合樹脂法除去,硫酸根離子可以通過脫硝除去。相較于這些離子,碘離子較難脫除。若鹽水中存在碘負離子,當其進入到在陽極液中就會被氧化成碘酸根或高碘酸根的形式。高碘酸根與鈣離子、鎂離子、鈉離子等陽離子生成不溶的沉淀,易聚集在離子交換膜上,嚴重影響了離子交換膜的使用壽命。因此,對于鹽水中碘的脫除至關(guān)重要。本課題就離子膜燒堿中的脫氯淡鹽水、脫硝鹽水、精鹽水和鹵水進行脫除碘的研究。其中,鹵水中的碘以還原態(tài)(I-)的形式存在,鹽水中存在碘離子,并含有一種或多種其他形式的碘,成分較為復(fù)雜。分別對鹵水和鹽水進行除碘實驗設(shè)計,并進行結(jié)果分析,研究得到的具體結(jié)論如下：1、本實驗所討論的脫硝鹽水、脫氯淡鹽水和精鹽水中均含有碘離子,同時可能有微量IO3-、I2、I3-、I2Cl-、Cl2I-等其他形式的碘存在,成分較為復(fù)雜。2、改進文獻報導(dǎo)中利用加入亞硫酸鈉作為還原劑來去除鹽水中碘的方法,先加入過量亞硫酸鈉,再加入氧化劑,利用吸附劑對于碘單質(zhì)進行吸附的方法,來去除鹽水中的碘。優(yōu)化氧化劑的加入量,這種方法對脫氯淡鹽水脫碘率為29.41%,對脫硝鹽水的脫碘率為27.20%,對精鹽水的脫碘率為30.13%。3、利用蒙脫土的吸附性與銅鹽沉淀法,將蒙脫土進行銅鹽改性,用于鹽水除碘。優(yōu)化反應(yīng)條件,在pH=5.0～6.0條件下,50 mL鹽水中加入2.00 g銅鹽改性蒙脫土,反應(yīng)40 min,對脫硝鹽水、脫氯淡鹽水和精鹽水中碘的吸附率分別25.37%、27.10%和24.90%。4、鹵水除碘的最優(yōu)條件為：在pH為2.0的酸性條件下,加入0.40mL氧化劑對100 mL鹵水進行氧化反應(yīng)40 min,將處理后的鹵水以6.0 mL/min的流速通過吸附柱,對碘單質(zhì)進行吸附�？梢猿晒Φ爻u水中大部分的碘,脫碘率達到80.00%以上,碘含量低于0.40 ppm,基本達到碘含量標準。5、本課題所研究的脫氯淡鹽水、脫硝鹽水和精鹽水中成分較為復(fù)雜,含有很多與碘同族的氯元素。并且,碘的存在形式也較為復(fù)雜,可能會相互影響反應(yīng)進行程度。這些原因均對鹽水除碘的效果產(chǎn)生了影響。
[Abstract]:Caustic soda is closely related to our daily life and production. It is widely used in printing, dyeing, textile, metallurgy and other industries.In the industrial preparation of caustic soda, the ionic membrane caustic soda method is mainly used.The principle is that raw brine is electrolyzed in anodic and cathode chambers separated by ion exchange membrane, and the caustic soda is prepared according to the selective permeability of ion exchange membrane.The service life of ion exchange membrane directly affects the quality, yield and cost of caustic soda in industrial production.The main factor influencing the service life of ion exchange membrane is the impurity in raw brine.For example, the effect of Ni2 / Fe _ 2 / Al _ 3 / Al _ 3 / so _ 42- plasma on the voltage and current of the cell is observed.Metal cations can be removed by precipitation and chelating resin, and sulfate ions can be removed by denitrification.Compared with these ions, iodine ions are more difficult to remove.If iodide anion is present in brine, it will be oxidized to the form of iodate or periodate when it enters the anodic solution.The insoluble precipitation of periodate with calcium, magnesium, sodium ions and other cations is easy to accumulate on the ion exchange membrane, which seriously affects the service life of the ion exchange membrane.Therefore, it is very important for the removal of iodine in brine.In this paper, iodide removal from ionic membrane caustic soda by dechlorination, denitrification, refined salt water and brine was studied.Among them, the iodine in brine exists in the form of reduced iodide, and in brine there is iodine ion and one or more other forms of iodine, so the composition is more complex.The experimental design of deiodization of brine and brine was carried out, and the results were analyzed. The specific conclusions of the study were as follows: 1. The iodine ions were found in denitrification brine, dechlorinated light brine and refined brine discussed in this experiment.At the same time, there may be some other forms of iodine, such as small amounts of iodide, such as IO _ 3-I _ 2H _ 2H _ 2C _ 2Cl _ 2I- and so on. The composition of iodide is more complicated. 2. The method of using sodium sulfite as reducing agent to remove iodine in brine is improved by adding excessive sodium sulfite first and then adding oxidant.Iodine was removed from brine by adsorbent adsorbent.By optimizing the amount of oxidant, the deciodization rate of dechlorinated light brine is 29.41, the deiodination rate of denitrification salt water is 27.20 and the deiodination rate of refined salt water is 30.13. 3. Montmorillonite is modified with copper salt by the method of adsorption of montmorillonite and precipitation of copper salt.Used for iodine removal in brine.The optimum reaction conditions were as follows: adding 2.00g copper salt to modified montmorillonite in 50 mL brine under pH=5.0~6.0 condition, reacting for 40 min, then treating denitrification salt water.The adsorption rates of iodine in dechlorinated light brine and refined salt water were 25.377.10% and 24.90%, respectively. The optimum conditions for iodine removal in brine were as follows: at pH 2.0 acid,Adding 0.40mL oxidant to oxidize 100ml brine for 40 mins, the treated brine was adsorbed by adsorption column at the flow rate of 6.0 mL/min.Most of the iodine in the brine can be removed successfully. The deiodization rate is over 80.00%, the iodine content is less than 0.40 ppm, and basically reaches the standard of iodine content .5.The composition of dechlorinated light brine, denitrification salt water and refined salt water studied in this paper is more complex.There are many chlorine elements of the same family as iodine.Moreover, the existence of iodine is complex and may affect the degree of reaction.All of these factors have an effect on the iodine removal in brine.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ028

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